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FIELD CoLuMBIAN MusEuUM 
PUBLICATION - 120 


GEOLOGICAL SERIES Vorekh Noss. 


Pee AY ors OF TRON METEORITES 
COMPILED AND CLASSIFIED 


BY 
OLIVER CUMMINGS FARRINGTON, 


Curator, Department of Geology 


Cuicaco; U.S. A. 
March 1, 1907. 


ANALYSES OF IRON METEORITES 
COMPILED AND CLASSIFIED 


BY 


OLIVER CUMMINGS FARRINGTON 


Chemical analyses may be collected and grouped for purposes of 
record and of comparison. For the first purpose it is desirable that 
all known analyses of the substances under consideration be collected ; 
for the second, only those known to be complete and reliable are 
needed. A combination of these two purposes may perhaps be gained, 
however, by collecting all analyses and leaving to the judgment of the 
investigator the selection of those suited for the study of any par- 
ticular phase of the subject. This plan is practically that which has 
been adopted in presenting the analyses here collected. In many 
cases obviously incomplete analyses are given because they represent 
all that is known of the chemical constitution of the meteorite in 
question, or because they mark a stage in its study. On the other 
hand, analyses which amount to little more than a qualitative deter- 
mination of the presence of iron and nickel, or whose connection with 
a particular meteorite is uncertain, areomitted. About three hundred 
and sixty analyses are here included, and it is believed that they com- 
prise practically all of importance that have been made of iron 
meteorites. When more than one analysis of a metecrite is given, 
the analyses have been arranged chronologically. For the most part 
the later analyses are the most complete and reliable ones, though 
this is not always the case. Thus those by J. Lawrence Smith, 
although made thirty and in some Cases forty years ago, accord well with 
what is known of the constitution of the iron meteorites at the present 
day and may be considered generally accurate and reliable. The 
same is true of analyses by Jackson, Berzelius, Damour, and others. 
As shown later, the relations between structure and composition 
brought out by the analyses as here grouped are so definite that at 
the present time a knowledge of the structure of a meteorite will give 
a more accurate idea of its composition than inferior chemical 
analyses. The general plan of arrangement which has been adopted 


ao 


60 FreELD CoLumBiAN Museum — GeEo.ocy, Vou. III. 


for the analyses is that now generally known as the Rose-Tschermak- 
Brezina classification. This seemed the classification most desirable 
to employ on account of its wide use, and when it was found, as will 
be seen by the tables, that the chemical constitution of the meteorites 
follows its main divisions, its adaptation to the work in hand seems 
unquestionable. Under each group of the classification the arrange- 
ment of the meteorites is alphabetical. Synonyms of the meteorite 
names will be found on subsequent pages. The characterization of 
the meteorite groups which head the tables have largely been sum- 
marized from Cohen.* In considering the analyses it should be 
realized that some of the groups are much better known than others. 
Thus the ataxites and hexahedrites were thorougly studied by Cohen 
and their composition satisfactorily determined. The fine octahed- 
rites have also been mostly investigated. The coarse and medium 
octahedrites, however, though more numerous than the groups just 
mentioned, are but imperfectly known and need detailed modern 
study. Ina list following the tables meteorites of which no analy- 
sis 1s known are marked with an asterisk. These number about 
forty. In addition, many meteorites, analyses of which are reported 
in the tables, have never in fact been properly studied. The only ex- 
tensive list of analyses of iron meteorites which has lately been previ- 
ously compiled of which the writer is aware is that of Wadsworth, 
published in 1884.+ ‘This list includes one hundred and ninety-three 
analyses of iron meteorites and terrestrial irons, arranged in order of 
the per cent of nickel. No further attempt at Classification is made. 
While Wadsworth’s list is fairly complete as regards older analyses, 
it includes several pseudo-meteorites, and obviously does not ade- 
quately represent present knowledge. 

The first recorded attempt at analysis of an iron meteorite is 
probably to be found in the examination in 1802, by Count de Bournon, f 
of some so-called native irons from Bohemia, Senegal, and South 
America. In these Count de Bournon found percentages of. nickel 
ranging from five to ten per cent, but it is stated by Howard else- 
where in the paper that owing to lack of knowledge of the pecu- 
liarities of nickel these figures are little more than estimates. The 
next year Klaproth§ reported one and one-half to three and one-half 
per cent of nickel in the iron meteorite of Hraschina, and expressed 
the opinion that the presence of nickel might serve as a criterion for 


* Meteoritenkunde, Heft III. 

+ The Rocks of the Cordilleras, Memoirs Museum Comparative Zodlogy, Cambridge, Mass , 
Vol. XI, Part I, pp. vi-xvi, Table IT. 

t Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc., London, 18c2. 

§ Abhandl. Akad. Wiss., Berlin, 1893, 21-41. 


,_ _ aT 
bal t 


a 


MARCH, 1907. IRON METEORITES — FARRINGTON. 61 


judging the meteoric origin of a body. Cobalt was reported by 
Stromeyer in the iron meteorite of Cape of Good Hope in 1816,* and 
copper by the same investigator in 1833.7 Stromeyer expressed the 


belief that copper was, with cobalt, a constant ingredient of meteoric 


nickel-iron, and this conclusion was later corroborated by Smith{ on 
the basis of more than one hundred analyses. Chromium was dis- 
covered as a component of meteoric nickel-iron by Laugier in 1817.$ 
‘The presence of manganese and tin in meteoric nickel-iron was also 
early reported. ‘The presence ot other metals or semi-metals reported 
at different times, such as zinc, lead, arsenic, and antimony, has not 
been confirmed, while the presence of aluminum, calcium, magnesium, 
potassium, and sodium, noted by several analysts, is doubtless to be 
referred to small quantities of silicates which either formed a constitu- 
ent of the meteorite, as in Tucson, Tula, etc., or accidentally contami- 
nated the material analyzed. The occurrence of phosphorus in me- 
teoric nickel-iron seems first to have been noted by Berzelius | in the 


undissolved residue of Bohumilitz. It was similarily reported by 


analysts who followed Berzelius, but percentages were not commonly 
given until later times. Sulphur was early noted as an ingredient of 
meteoric stones and later of irons. Since it occurred as a soluble 
constituent, it was more often reported in the early analyses than 
phosphorus. ‘The presence of carbon as graphite was noted by Ten- 
nant™ in 1806 in the Cape of Good Hope meteorite. Being, like the 
phosphides, insoluble, its presence was often later reported in insolu- 
ble residues, but its amount was rarely given. Silicon, as reported in 
the earlier analyses, whether as metal or oxide, is probably for the 
most part to be referred to accessory silicates. With later methods, 
however, its detection in small quantities as an ingredient of the 
nickel-iron has become possible. ‘The first detection of chlorine as 
an essential constituent of iron meteorites seems to have been by Jack- 
son in 1838,** in the meteorite of Limestone Creek. Its presence has 
been occasionally but not commonly reported by later.analysts. Deter- 
minations of specific gravity of the iron meteorites examined seem to 
have been common. While these are probably for the most part fairly 
reliable, some of the values reported are too anomalous to seem 


‘trustworthy. 


* Gottingische Gelehrte Anzeigen, 1816, 2041-2043. 
t Gottingische Gelehrte Anzeigen, 1833, 369-370. 
t Am. Jour. Science, 1870 (2), 49, 332. 

2 Ann. Chem. Pharm., 1817, 1V, 363-366. 

| Pogg. Ann., 1832, XX VII, 128-132. 

“ Tillochs Phil. Mag., London, 1806, XXV, 182. 
** Am. Jour. Science (15), 34, 332-337: 


62 FIELD CoLUMBIAN MusEuM— GEOLOGY, VoL. III. 


IRON METEORITES. 


These are meteorites consisting essentially of nickel-iron. Most 
of them contain, in addition, an appreciable amount of sulphides, car- 
bides, and phosphides, but the presence of silicates in quantity removes 
a meteorite from this class. The iron meteorite of Tucson contains 
‘about five per cent of forsterite, and the meteorites of Kodaikanal, 
Persimmon Creek, and Tula also contain silicate aggregates, but in 
small quantities. In general, it may be said that if the quantity of 
silicate grains exceeds five per cent the meteorite is not considered 
as belonging to the class of iron meteorites. About two hundred and 
fifty iron meteorites are now recognized, the exact number being in- 
determinate on account of differences of opinion as to identity of 
origin in several cases. ‘The chief divisions of iron meteorites, accord- 
ing to the Rose-Tschermak-Brezina classification, are hexahedrites, 
octahedrites, and ataxites. These are sub-divided as follows: 


CLASSIFICATION OF IRON METEORITES ACCORDING TO 
ROSE, TSCHERMAK, BREZINA, AND COHEN 


I. Hexahedrites. 
A. Normal hexahedrites. 
B. Brecciated hexahedrites. 
II. Octahedrites. 
A. Normal octahedrites. 
1. Coarsest octahedrites. 
2. Coarse octahedrites. 
3. Medium octahedrites. 
4. Fine octahedrites. 
a. Prambanan group. 
6. Rodeo group. 
5. Finest octahedrites. 
a. Salt River group. 
6. Tazewell group. 
c. Cowra and Victoria West. 
B. Hammond octahedrites. 
C. Brecciated octahedrites. 
III: Ataxites. 
A. Nickel-poor ataxites. 
r. Siratik group. 
2. Nedagolla group. 
3. Rafruti group. 


Marcu, 1907. Iron METEORITES — FARRINGTON. 63 


B. Nickel-rich ataxites. 
1. Smithland group. 
2. Cristobal group. 
3. Octibbeha. 

C. Ataxites with forsterite. 

D. Ataxites with cubic streaks. 

The iron meteorites enumerated according to groups sum up as 
follows: 
Octahedrites: 


DUO GHt SGhS eRe ot Stine Ba ae ee aaa A we) 

(NCU ie A so re gen TOOL ee Ga 30 

Mera ieaiea ete, oo Pooh se Me on re S 3 O 98 

HEN ee NN a Fen EI Re IT sd 33 

, TEAS Ss Bes el ea a epee kere eo ee oe Fg 14 
IDGCCCIateOn eater 2 Bier eS ay PLS 6 
PUMMTOaae Metele ee pee SS ee AS Be 3 

ISERIES (Sis C10 Pa neta ean ae tp ts re ape ae 4 

201 

TEN 6 CNG SURI Sie SE ale eh eh emg Ve geared 30 
i We TENG) eG ek yaa eae Dap SUNS ge ts a eh aR a 17 
Sie tie eves Paneer ee oS Cee ee AS 


ALPHABETICAL LIST OF IRON METEORITES. 


The following is an alphabetical list of iron meteorites, showing 
the classification of each. An asterisk indicates. that no analysis of 
the meteorite is reported. 


PEREEE TTOMWS xcie dss .2 Medium octahedrite Bald Eagle........ Medium octahedrite 
HGATHAS. « /ses Ace > Medium octahedrite Ballinoo........... Finest octahedrite 
[Urs 01 Medium octahedrite Barranca Blanca...Brecciated octahe- 
PAREMENE ANS a2 aac Fine octahedrite drite 
PEMALES 2°. oe ane occ Medium octahedrite Beaconsfield....... Coarse octahedrite 
PMSA ibe cre aa «ce 6's Medium octahedrite Bear Creek........ Fine octahedrite 
SOA eh oe wierd ais ci 6: Fine octahedrite Bellas RoCasit sion Fine octahedrite 
aur Ce es Coarsest octahedrite Bendego........... Coarse octahedrite 
PEP tOR 25... 2... .', Medium octahedrite Bethany........... Fine octahedrite 
PEM MNES Coss te cox es 3 Medium octahedrite Billings............ Coarse octahedrite 
PRUEMMETN Sos p0ia: 0 64-3 Hexahedrite » PAS ET AC ebow owas 4 Hexahedrite 
-Augustinowka...... Fine octahedrite Bischtnbe! 3... oa... Coarse octahedrite 
Black Mountain....Coarse octahedrite 
Baby svi); :...... Ataxite Ale Pier hace e Medium octahedrite 


WSACMOITItO.. ss. 5.2.2 Finest octahedrite Bohumilitzs..2 o: ss - Coarse octahedrite 


64 Fietp CoLumMBIAN Museum — GeEovtocy, VoL. III. 
Boogaldi 2. 2. cse0 Fine octahedrite *Dellyse m i-. ata Medium octahedrite 
Botetourt.......... Ataxite Denton County..... Medium octahedrite 
Braunaerscck oes Hexahedrite Descubridora...... Medium octahedrite 
Bridgewater....... Fine octahedrite De Setovillé:).55 Hexahedrite 
BuckebDerpas-s-sa Fine octahedrite DuellsAe sees Coarse octahedrite 
Burlington ......... Medium octahedrite Elb Maui ’ 
Butlers ss. ecae et Finest octahedrite sos ata i ghee fedium octahedrite 
Fl: Capitatizs. re. Medium octahedrite 
Cabin Greeks: 2... Medium octahedrite *E] Tule............ Medium octahedrite . 
Cacanlan occa sons Hammond octahe- *Emmitsburg,...... Medium octahedrite 
drite 2 
Cachiyuyals’. ~~... Medium octahedrite eis County... . Ataxite é 
Gambriai tees sees. os: Fine octahedrite a AE = Hosea ; 
Campo del Cielo... Ataxite ee eis eg hte eo tedium octahedrite 
CanmtOnnegeese srcles Coarsest octahedrite a i ille........ Medium octahedrite { 
Canyon Diablo..... Charccnt oceanic TAUKOIi. 52s esa Medium octahedrite 
Comyn Cty —— ee Glotietas-2-s--5: Medium octahedrite 
Cape of Good Hope. Ataxite G ; 3 ‘ 
: 3 rand Rapids <<: Fine octahedrite 
Caper st se Sep oe Medium octahedrite G : : Pe 
es Le : reenbrier County..Coarse octahedrite 
Ganesy Orkeseos ee Medium‘ octahedrite : é 
2 ‘ Groslee@tn ea te Fine octahedrite : 
Sr udhinies. a Sr abe Finest octahedrite : - : : 
é . Guilford County.... Medium octahedrite 
Cartha ges: feces Medium octahedrite 
Casas Grandes..... Medium octahedrite Hammond......... Hammond octahe- 
*Casey- County =..." 5. Coarsest octahedrite © drite 4 
Central Missouri...Coarsest octahedrite *Haniel el-Beguel... Medium octahedrite 
*Ghafiarals 2s. eee Coarse octahedrite Hassi Jekna........ Fine octahedrite 
FH ATCAS wade ore Medium octahedrite *Hayden Creek..... Medium octahedrite 
*Chambord......... HexoRiver Srsvietet Hexahedrite 
(cliarlotte.2< 5.4 ssi: Fine octahedrite Holland’s Store .* .. Hexahedrite | 
Chesterville........ Ataxite Hopewell Mounds.. Medium octahedrite 
*Chichimeguilas. .... HOppGheacuitegee es Medium octahedrite 
Chilkoot. ce: -254 5: Medium octahedrite Hraschina......... Medium octahedrite F 
a eee ae a FIM aeln ereyese seo Medium octahedrite | 
Chupaderos ........ Fine octahedrite Sipe : 
Sas ; é Illinois Gulch...... Ataxite 
Cincinnati... <a. - Ataxite : Z ; 
Mies : Indian Valley...... Hexahedrite 
Gleveland:. .42.5..5 5 Medium octahedrite ‘ : 
: 3 IqMniguée 227% aves Biaxite ec we piets 7 
Coaliutla -. sae Hexahedrite : . 
: z Irédell=... Ak see Hexahedrite ; 
Gollaxe san sorte ores Medium octahedrite I é : 
: : wanpalic oy vide we Medium octahedrite a 
Coopertown........ Medium octahedrite 
Cosby Creek... 2... Coarse octahedrite *Jackson County.... Medium octahedrite 
COS HUA nie Forage Sealy Medium octahedrite Jamestown......... Fine octahedrite 
OW ee de ees Finest octahedrite = Jennie’s Creek..... Coarse octahedrite 
*Cranberry Plains. . .Octahedrite Jewel Hille se s2cue Fine octahedrite 
Cranbourne’... .!623 Coarse octahedrite Joel’s Iron......... Medium octahedrite 
Guba... Niahics siarte Medium octahedrite Joe Wright........ Medium octahedrite 
Cuernavaca...... '.. Fine octahedrite Jonesboro. ......2.; Fine octahedrite 
" : Jdnecak 435.2 sae Medium octahedrite 
Dalton 2: Ate ace Medium octahedrite 
Deep Springs ...... ATARICGSS ots sema oe Kendall County.... Hexahedrite 


Dehesa:, Vo sio0'f eet Ataxite Kenton County..... Mediumoctahedrite 


MARCH, 1907. 


ed 


= © 00,6. e.016-6 ¢ 


featG@anle eecsk «2.0.2 
ACTA GE wi oe .cicna 
Laurens County.. 
HICRATIGH coc or eee 
Lexington County. 
Lick Creek 
Limestone Creek.. 
EG ullew etch cee 
Locust Grove 
*Lonaconing 
Losttown 
Alucky Halls 36.052; 
Luis Lopez 


www? wee 4 


ee ee? 


ose) ve a ene < 


Magura 
Mantos Blancos... 
Marshall County.. 


We a et er eae et a 


Maza. 3% 34.030 
Merceditas......... 


MOON DIS. se 2 anes 


Monat, [Oy.s 222-4: 
*Mount Stirling 
Mungindi.......... 
Murfreesboro..... 


*Nagy-Vazsony 
Narraburra Creek.. 
Nedagolla 
DOSE ee a). Ys Malan 
Nelson County..... 
Nenntmannsdorf.. 
N’Goureyma 


ahaa rene iat tafe tm 


eee ee 


Niagara..... 
*Nochtuisk 
*Nocoleche 


Oktibbeha County.. 


a jaieces, .@ 


ee 


Cr 


IRON METEORITES — FARRINGTON. 


Fine octahedrite 
Ataxite 
Medium octahedrite 


Medium octahedrite 


. Fine octahedrite 

. Finest octahedrite 

. Medium octahedrite 
.Coarse octahedrite 


Hexahedrite 


.Ataxite 


Ataxite 

Ataxite 

Coarse octahedrite 
Medium octahedrite 
Medium octahedrite 
Medium octahedrite 


Fine octahedrite 
Coarse octahedrite 


. Finest octahedrite 
. Medium octahedrite 


Finest octahedrite 
Medium octahedrite 
Medium octahedrite 
Medium octahedrite 
Medium octahedrite 
Medium octahedrite 
Coarsest octahedrite 
Fine octahedrite 
Medium octahedrite 
Ataxite 
Hexahedrite 

Coarse octahedrite 
Finest octahedrite 


. Medium octahedrite 


Hexahedtite 


Medium octahedrite 
Finest octahedrite 
Ataxite 
Medium octahedrite 
Coarsest octahedrite 
Ataxite 
Brecciated 
drite 
Coarse octahedrite 
Coarse octahedrite 
Medium octahedrite 


octahe- 


Ataxite 


Orange River...... 
*Oroville 
Oscuro Mountains.. 


PORK CRC Ow a) 


Pan de Azucar... 
*Persimmon Creek 


“* 


Petropawlowsk .. 
Pittsburg 


Plymouth a.) <2 c's 


Ponca Creek 
Prambanan 
Primitiva 
Puquois 
Putnam County. . 


Red River 
Reed City 


Roebourne......... 
*Rosario 
Rowton 
Ruff’s Mountain.... 
Russel Gulch 


Sacramento Moun- 
St. Francois County. 
St.Genevieve Coun- 

ty 
Salt River 
San Angelou 30 
San Cristobal 
San Francisco del 
Mezquital........ 

*Santa Apolonia.... 

Santa Rosa 


ee 


Sao Juliao......... 
Sarepta 
Schwetz 
Scottsville 
Seelasgen 


Seneca Falls 


De rt anal a Was 


tee ewe 


65 
Medium octahedrite 
Medium octahedrite 
Coarse octahedrite 


Coarse octahedrite 
Brecciated octahed- 
rite 
Medium octahedrite 
Coarsest octahedrite 
Medium octahedrite 
Coarsest octahedrite 
Fine octahedrite 
Ataxite 
Medium octahedrite 
Fine octahedrite 


Fine octahedrite 


Ataxite 

Medium octahedrite 

Ataxite 

Medium octahedrite 

Hammond octahed- 
rite 

Medium octahedrite 

Fine octahedrite 

Medium octahedrite 

Octahedrite 

Medium octahedrite 

Medium octahedrite 

Fine octahedrite 


Coarse octahedrite 


Fine octahedrite 
Finest octahedrite 
Medium octahedrite 
Ataxite 


Ataxite 
Brecciated octahe- 
drite 
Coarsest octahedrite 
Coarse octahedrite 
Medium octahedrite 
Hexahedrite 
Coarsest octahedrite 
Medium octahedrite 


66 FIELD CoLUuMBIAN MuseuM— GEoLoGy, VoL. III. 


Shingle Springs.... 
*Sierra Blanca...... 
Silver Crown ...... 
Siratik eeeaSceeee 


Smith’s Mountain. . 
Snuthiville oo .or. se 
Ssyromolotow...... 
SlauMtOmis. or se ocee 
SMG ree ete 
Surprise Springs... 


AME C RT SASS yas 
talhagehasee e.cetac cre 
*Tanogamil 2...5.. 24. « 

Razewellass es sek 
*Teocaltiche ....... 

Whernende a6 Bereta 

“tlie berate see ae 

SGhurlowes re. farce 
PMAEOLE PEG fia 

AMolhireshe eae eee Say 

Moneangkten sacri 


oud s cactuet as 


SRUCSOM oe e-ce croak 


Ataxite 

Coarse octahedrite 
Coarse octahedrite 
Ataxite 

Ataxite 

Fine octahedrite 
Coarse octahedrite 
Medium octahedrite 
Medium octahedrite 
Hexahedrite 
Medium octahedrite 


Coarse octahedrite 
Medium octahedrite 
Medium octahedrite 
Finest octahedrite 


ular iiacn tee Brecciated octahe- 
drite 
*Union County...... Coarsest octahedrite 
Wteibassyce ac cee Coarsest octahedrite 
Vianas seek. sen Fine octahedrite 
ViGhonial 2. eee Medium octahedrite 
Victoria West...... Finest octahedrite 


*Wallen’s Ridge....Coarse octahedrite 


Walker County..... Hexahedrite 
WieAavieDnrcutce aaeier Ataxite 
Wielland=naen coset Medium octahedrite 
*Werchne Dniep- 
TOWSKa eee Finest octahedrite 


Werchne Udinsk ..Medium octahedrite 


_Octahedrite Wichita County....Coarse octahedrite 
Ataxite Willamettes; 22-153 Medium octahedrite 
Medium octahedrite Wooster........... Medium octahedrite 
Fine octahedrite Vanhitlanescse ees Fine octahedrite 
Octahedrite = -Vardea Statiolecn cs Medium octahedrite 
Medium octahedrite ENOL Rona tae hee erin ees Medium octahedrite 
Medium octahedrite Youndegin......... Coarse octahedrite 
Medium octahedrite 
Medium octahedrite Zacatecas.......... Brecciated octahe- 
Ataxite drite 

SYNONYMS. 


The following are synonyms of the iron meteorites given in the 


preceding list: 


Aeriotopos -. ... .... = Bear Creek 
ACTA 2. ae ee ae Hraschina 
FAUNAS, oe eee Shoe Tucson 
Albuquerque ..........Glorieta 
Allen County......... Scottsville 
Amakakena.0.ce- tose Caperr 
ATMA ects ects eee Magura 
Atacama, 1858........ Joel’s Iron 
Atacama, LO7An cman: Cachiyuyal 
Augusta County.......Staunton 
Baliiatiata.tpe eter Bendego 
Baird’s Farm.........Asheville 
Bates County......... Butler 
Batesville 2.:¢..0'.5 <1 08 Wright 
BOnaNZaL. ot. eee ve a Coahuila 
Brazos River.......... Wichita 
Butcher Iron..........Coahuila 


Carllersste irae semckce La Caille 
Caney Fork...........Carthage 
Carleton Iron......... Tucson 

Caters’, ain fn stcts aaea ae Descubridora 
Chatooga County...... Holland’s Store 
Cherokee County,1867 . Losttown 
Cherokee County,1894.Canton 


Chilkat se seer Chilkoot 
Claibome = sao eee Lime Creek 
Cocke \Gounty <4,,)-<.-- Cosby Creek 
Conception ..4...%062ee = Adargas 
Cross Timbers........ Red River 
Grow Greékaccoesedss Silver Crown 
Waketa ss oar eee Ponca Creek 
BWeénbore: se eee Colfax : 
Floyd’ County i722 Ge 2 Indian Valley 


ee 


ee a 


sk 


MarcH, 1907. Iron METEORITES — FARRINGTON. 67 
Floyd Mountain...... Indian Valley IMGIKEIOP cs sciosg'es ot Bethany 
Great Fish River..... Bethany INGISCHAC VOR... =. fs 2 Tula 
ga ewe ease aaa Obernkirchen......... Buckeberg 
Hamilton County..... Carlton Oldham County....... La Grange 
ings County...... M 
eats caret ee Penkarring Rock..... Youndegin 
Henry County, 1857... Locust Grove INANCATOR rate te st Bacuburito 
Henry County, 1889... Hopper 
Pandas oak Sx. Rosario weve LEMUR ete ec ote 3 Coahuila 
Howard County...... Kokomo Sanchez Estate........Coahuila 
San Gregorio .. s<c-+ Morito 
Independence County. Joe Wright Saskatchewan........ Victoria 
Independence «:...-....% Kenton County Senegal > eee Siratik 
Trom-Greeliants nas. Victoria Serrania de Varas..... Varas 
- Sierra de la Ternera..Ternera 
ek te eae a ech Southeast Missouri. ...St. Francois County 
SMO RVI ES iss cree ise Tazewell : 
Meposcolulak -cei ads. Yanhuitlan 
ea Promitiva iescises> Primitiva TROCAVIEAS achat Tin. nes Santa Rosa 
TFC ATOM sackets ssc: Cleveland Tombigbee River..... De Sotoville 
Mime Creek oye. +1: WialkemCounty = “hucuman ca.) sce Campo del Cielo 
Lime ‘Creek, 1834... .. Limestone Creek ___ agi tere 
Reha ok Bethany Waldron suRidgercn.. Wallen’s Ridge 
TEOGEK PO. ors: siolene ste torseee Cambria Whi E e Sulphur : 
SIDMN PS: oie sions = «= Greenbrier County 
Miller's "Rut... .c0 3. Pittsburg Whitfield County..... Dalton 
Muchachos 7 .t+5/c. 2. Tucson Wohlers Irons. +... Campo del Cielo 


68 FireELD COLUMBIAN MuseuM — GEo.Locy, VoL. III. 


ANALYSES OF IRON METEORITES. 


I. HEXAHEDRITES. 


The hexahedrites are characterized by cubic cleavage and Neu- 
mann lines. They consist of the single alloy kamacite, the composi- 
tion of which, Fe,, Ni, shows a close approximation to the iron-nickel 
content of the hexadedrites. The content of phosphorus in the hexa- 
hedrites is usually relatively high, 4% to % percent. This appears char- 


NorRMAL 


Name. | Fe,” ani. -|°Gor- ea, Cr 4s Py s 2} si..[cen |) aaiscalianeages 
AUDUIN oF s)<25 = OFeSSuseGi loos elem | esc ic yey Sper e sal or. | esas oe 

Sa Sat Mee eta 94.49 4.67 |1.03 |.101].024] .46 002. ))e Sick ceases al bee ee 
BraWMaw.ca- 6326 ie BBL 415252 4 ce Qc lesz hos Ss beicacic [aida are oe res eames | eeereee eee 2.07 

Mayan, ec coe ee 5.21 Q25|EO75).05. eed 08 OO {| Fist | oo. | eta os ee eee 

Coahuilac.% asa. Ge Ss 5 (62. |-<60 -Atrs | 29 06). 3. Soe ae 
(Bonanza)...........|97-90 |2.10 18 aps) eRe aca| RLS 1 Pati (Deere ee Nee ee Reena [ee S| [eS Meg. tr. 

@Butcher)>.2-.22-e lease 6262.5) ABS BPs | ec | SOLS eee Neeecreras GY eters clog ce eee eae ee ae 

(Saltillo). «.:.22.-2..1}04-62-|4.79. |. 60.04) tr. [iS Ay Gre Le Se ee cee | ee 

(Santa Rosa)...--..-. ‘96.07 ce ome Pt Pees ee LOG. |rccdlec [eee on 1See CPi e at oe Leeann 

ee ee SPR ie ‘91.86 Wp AD oh ae BOs | G..varel| ers Py hae SBA ieee SEAT eS cee wal em Ate Aer nc 

De Sotoville....... 195-02 4.11 AO Ties hse Bz tr 16 he Av se le ealene eae eee 

sal hak ees Sees ps 14 +e 205420 29 06° Hae. oe] Ecce lee ee se ween ete 

STK gh ere oe 4=32" |. 360% |-04-}. ZOOM eee ayaa Pees acd mad seat SS oS. 

BES Pee 95-41 4.04 | .74 |.04 LTA: 2) eed eal |g ol AER O2S Aeyscs eee 

Fort Duncan...... i .gO Pe Sy Sse ates 23 tr Lo eee epee a Neer i peer -d mle ese ss 

= Se ete ee ie o2 SFR Uo Sana Ieteeaea| es ceil fete teal Roe Pum crere) Ree Serge EE |) ae. T80|k..ds2s tea 

. ee TS te ices TOF. 6 |eene| CSS eee ew || cow 8 ect fees aerated fetarenn fall eaeea| ete 

4 irl a aan Bs 58 Gree (ude eRe Ao OB. Sea ep aliens aletae at Obs aas s ee ee 

Meee = es Be 94-65 |4.82 |1.07 |.04 |.04 | .23 32 [us viel nates Ung 2 nen elie ; 

(Santha).. A205 oe 96:04. |3-1T =| 2.42 Ve Sec] E Rdiacce cies Poles coc eemen bere Oe ela i pene ope | 

Baia os. 82 3.18 -35 | tr Sues Bes! Re Da eee Se 


MARCH, 1907. Tron METEORITES — FARRINGTON. 69 


acteristically in the hexahedrites in the form of rhabdite, and often con- 
stitutes 1% to 3 per centof their mass. Another characteristic mineral 
of the hexahedrites is daubreelite. Graphite and troilite are rare, al- 
though the latter mineral occurs in some members of the group in visible 
nodules. The hexahedrites may be divided into normal and brecciated 
' hexahedrites, according to whether they are one or several individuals. 


A. NORMAL HEXAHEDRITES. 


In these hexahedrites the cleavage planes and Neumann lines run 
without change of direction throughout the mass. 


HEXAHEDRITES. 


Bos Undet.| Total. Sp. Gr. Analyst. Reference. 
aa oe feed py pel Cina] Oe he) ofc oF 5 (0 lamrenaer 11869, A. J. S. (2), XLVII, 230-233 
eee 100.77 |...........|O. Hildebrand... ....|1905, Meteoritenkunde, III, 217 
as | co ce 5% TOO .00 7.782  |Dutlos & Fischer... ./1847, Ann. Phy. Chem., LXXII, 475-480 
a 02 |100.30 7.8516 |R.Knauer........../1905, Meteoritenkunde, III, 207 
2 eee IOI .39 7.8678 |E. Cohen...........|1894, Meteoreisen-Studien A. N. H., IX, 104 
eae 100.00 7.625, “|€.U..Shepard = .2-.|T867, A. J.S.(2), XLILG 385 
Se ae 100.07 FOE. Sie las SME oe ee, vis MOOG A, Js S.( 2), RLV IL, 385 
Meer. ys. TOG, 22" Gils eae: (O. DUISELe 25. 2.2. 1905, Meteoritenkunde, III, ro4 
. ahi ROG OSS | seni es Ne rs H. Wichelhaus...... 1863, Ann. Phy. Chem., CX VIII, 631-634 
| ae WOO IOG. [ed's ate ve we Ni Ff. Lupton. :.5.7.. 1885, A. J. S. (3), XXIX, 233 
ee Gok Seam J. E. Whitfield...... 1899, A. J. S. (4), VIL, 154 
Se ees STE oie aie aes IeerIR MANGE s 22 os nts 1905, Meteoritenkunde, III, 213 
SE ae 100.50 |...........|Hildebrand & Cohen] Same 
52 100.46 |...........|/Knauer & Cohen....| Same 
a eae 100.00 7-522 - |J. B. Mackintosh....|1886, A. J. S. (3), XXXII, 306 
So a 99.92 72000, ~~ MLEUMIEE 5715.02. SILOO7 Ge Rh CLV, 872-873 
|e Seana 98.93 7292 ee Bt Ae 1893, B. S. H. N., V1, 17 
ea ee Meets Moria thirats «:t-<tr)| et OME. gens. os. |LO0, Neues Jahrb., 227 
es, .02 |IOI.19 7.84 O. Hildebrand.....|1905, Meteoritenkunde, III, 194 
Se eee 100.14 8.13 F. A. Genth.........|1854, A. J. S. (2), XVII,. 239-240 
Sa 99.59} 7.81 |J. L.Smith.......... 1855, A. J. S. (2), XIX, 160-161 


a ee me ee ee ee 


fag 
; 5 
ait ¥ 


70 Frrtp CoLumpiaAn Museum — GeEotoey, Vot. III. | 
Gon! jiGu, |iGr P. Sy Ci SSiaieer a Miscellaneous. 
BAe | Sie Sell SSIs wiveke ellis rele re sone |e wt eratal] etetevenct| lehesetay| eye cnall Wer eeet Oy oa 
766" |-04 *| 02) 523 OBL kil Pater ate eal 03}... 5 >. ose 
Ib iCere Ke) VS Ane Stoica lO ay Asal aber peab On lerseral feo ece 20 OO 1s a aia N DRT or aia 9) all tate al gecouect eee 
Wicki@reekiawsere oie heCole) |ia7ib le alse || ibe . 36 (a Pama ee beers tre sino. S| cece ee ae 
Mut physi otis omic 9320325: 52412 cbt|,02 A) a erate OAS Steger “00 lied tists ey ate 
Scottswillessjet ewes OAV S21 Sys lle |e Creme | eas eee .16 34 T2* | arcis-s ui] es nd,o | see's ale pacha 
on ehcent ast 93-14 |5.73 |] -99 }.10 SIE oo onlpaeas |loaac allicosr (OZ | dies, 3102) ee 
poy) cvcre caret ate 94 03 9N5..33 | 295 |.04 |.02' || 223 OV mtn naa fanb et ||Se.s ac ro) PERI) rc 
Walker County..../94.14 |5.30 | .64 |.06 |.05 | .28 eLQ) St] Stet ale platens: Sa) tetas taktl ose a : 
B.* BRECCIATED HEXAHEDRITES. ; 


These hexahedrites are characterized by a structure which gives 


them the appearance of being aggregates of individual grains. 


Not 


only do apparent outlines of grains occur, but the directions of the 
Neumann lines are different on the different grains. The size of the 
grains differs in different falls, but is fairly uniform for meteorites 
of the same fall. The contour of the grains may be rounded, polygonal, 
elongated, or ragged, and as arule the grains are sharply separated 


from one 


another. 
cleft, some accessory constituent usually occupies the gap. 
sory minerals are not, however, abundant. 


When the divisions between grains widen to a 


ACCES= 
The presence of dau- 


BRECCIATED | 


Name. Fe. | Ni. | Co.| Cu.| Cr | P. s. | co | si. | cn | 2 | miscettaneous. 
PUG O TA aki aia etnnare 93.76 Dasloae paula feeb Me acre, = GAs att regs aera .54|Na. tr. 
BES easy Saree, AIC en 93.50.(5. $4.1 51° on Bea Fara 03 [sO Es icra So. 02 Mn, Pt.Tr.tr. " 
Holland’s Store... 193.06. |§.35. |1.00 |....|.23 |-.31 OSs ie sale eal reece O08), sistent 
a G4 sOOw | Ae O7alh oo lel terrence sor tr 10 aR eaPreee eeedaed [eer inert 2 
Indian Valley...... 3-50) [Seb Onlo 535 | tebe 127, Oh eee cae RFS nah) Gare ita is oo. 
Kendall County...|92.65 |5.64 | .78 |.03 |.o1 | .34 03. dR een JOY? [pie Se viens eo 
Mountjoy Jeers 93.80 {4.81 | .51 |.005 ol tees tel Me ceed vice SE he Sec h 
Summit 22% oy atetios 09s IOUSHO2 ee SOs ined ste J BE (les Vextalhcale anil ope teht tae a pte eaten ae 


MARCH, 1907. IRON METEORITES — FARRINGTON. 71 

_oss.| Undet.| Total. Sp. Gr. Analyst. Reference. 

BE TOO O GH siieie Pca 2 <= Cohen & Weinschenk|1891, Meteoreisen-Studien A. N. H., VI, 143 
| ol aaa 100.43 Fe OL 25 Meier AU Elias er ielnles ore 1905, Meteoritenkunde, III, 225 
«eas fe dO nels: J. E. Whitfield...... 1899, A. J. S. (4), VIII, 415-416 
|e 99.62 |..........-|Smith & Mackintosh|1880, A. J. S. (3), XX, 324-326 
Mes |0.30 « 2. 100.52 7.7642 °|J. Fahrenhorst ..... 1go0, Meteoreisen-Studien A.N.H., XV, 368 
«Ae 99-95 7.848 |J. E. Whitfield...... 1887, A. J. S. (3), XX XIII, 500 
. JSS 100.13 |.---.-<.- 5. HISCHETiapactye sets ee 1889, Neues Jahrb., I, 227 
BES Sac. 5-3: 100.68 7 750 ses) IRMAUC I d5.n « ¥cie-< 1905, Meteoritenkunde, III, 220 
a 100.66 7.7806 |O. Hildebrand......|1905, Meteoritenkunde, III, 173 


breelite has not been noted, and schreibersite is not common, either in 
nodules oras rhabdite. ‘The view that the brecciated hexahedrites are 
aggregates is not accepted by Brezina, except in the case of Kendall 
County. He regards the structure and cleavage of the other members 
of the division as uniform, and explains the varying orientation as caused 
by twinning. Mount Joy, placed by Berwerth, Cohen, and Brezina 
among the coarsest octahedrites, because of an apparent octahedral 
structure observed by Berwerth, seems to the present writer to belong 
more properly to the hexahedrites. In composition and structure it 
agrees fully with the hexahedrites, and it shows no trace of cohenite, 
a characteristic mineral of the coarse octahedrites. Its individual 


grains are the largest of any of the following group: 


LEX AHEDRITES. 


40ss.| Undet.| Total. Sp. Gr. Analyst. Reference. 


BMT.) > a's a = 99.63 |7.834-7.849]A. TayemIaee ee 1882, Proc. Roy. Soc. N. S. W., XVI, 31-34 
. = ReSaee 99.88 7.761  |j.C.H. Mingaye.....|1904, Rec. Geol. Sur. N. S. W., VII, 308-310 
. Ae 100.11 |. ; Rare yee Zaubitzer ............{/1905, Meteoritenkunde, III, 240 

eae 99-99 7.801 |J. E. Whitfield......]1887,A.J.S.(3), XXXIV, 472 

5 99.96 7.95 L. G. Eakins........]1892, A. J.S.(3), XLITI, 424 

. [Ot 1)|.2+o.-2-.-.|scherer.......°..._.2}1900, Meteoreisen-Studien, A. N. H., XV; 387 
Saga Ra Foy conti Ge Bakins,.. <2<. .|189)-A-J/S.(3); XLIV) 416 

2. ee 99.90 Go49° FP. Venable. 2... 1890, A; J'S.(3), XL, 322 


72 FieLp CoLtuMBIAN MusEuM— GEOLOGY, VOL. III. 


I]. OCTAHEDRITES. 


The meteorites of this class are the most abundant among iron 
meteorites. According to the width of the lamelle as seen in etched 
sections, they are divided as follows: Coarsest octahedrites, lamelle, 
many mm. to 2.5 mm. in width; coarse octahedrites, lamelle 2~-1.5 
mm. in width; medium octahedrites, lamellz 1.0-0.5 mm. in width; 
fine octahedrites, lamelle o.4-0o.2 mm. in width; finest octahedrites, 
lamelle from o.2 mm. down. While no sharp line of separation can 
be drawn between these groups, the members of each group present as 
a rule characters more or less peculiar to themselves. As compared 
with the hexahedrites, the octahedrites differ in structure in being 
made up of lamelle arranged in accordance with the planes of the 
octahedron. These lamelle in turn are composed of two or more 
alloys of nickel-iron, In composition a higher percentage of nickel- 
cobalt may be noted among the octahedrites, as compared with the 
hexahedrites, and schreibersite and troilite are far more abundant 
than in the hexahedrites. Cohenite, which is not known to occur in 
the hexahedrites, is characteristic of certain groups of the octahe- 


OE b sbeastea sua heat anne ek ee ee 


Name. | Fe. | Ni. | Co. “Cr, : ; i. ; = Miscellaneous. _ 


WANEISTIO- Ath nape tetes eects 92.27 17.04 
Canyon Diablo... .}95.370)3.945 
. sige ciect gl “tag 
Ganton rant. ees 91.06 bee 
Central Missouri.. .94.73 |4-62 
Nelson County....'93-10 |6.11 
Pittsbunes.ecestene ae ee 


oa ee Pe a ee: 93-38 [5-89 
Ponca Creek:..... 91.74 16.53 
" ee Soo alent BAAS 
Sa: olin. poche 89.39 8. 
—"“’ 
DEClaSPens:. s-) 90.00 {5.31 


SRE Se tet ae 92483116523 «|. ‘ aC .18/Cu.+Sn..: 


[ 
i 
is 
| 


MARCH, 1907. TRON METEORITES — FARRINGTON. 73 


drites, while graphite and diamond are also largely confined to the 
octahedrites. Daubreelite and chromite, which are common con- 
stituents of the hexahedrites, are rare in the octahedrites. The 
nickel-cobalt content of the octahedrites varies from 5% to 15% 
per cent. 


A. NORMAL OCTAHEDRITES. 


In the normal octahedrites the lamellar structure extends without 
change of direction, except for occasional curving, through the indi- 
vidual. This is true even for large masses like those of Charcas, 
Chupaderos, and Willamette. 


1. COARSEST OQCTAHEDRITES. 


Width of lamelle from many millimeters down to 2.5 mm. The 
nickel-cobalt content is as a rule slightly higher than in the hexa- 
hedrites, reaching in some cases 7 per cent. The presence of cohen- 
ite and graphite is characteristic of the group. Canyon Diablo con- 
tains diamond. The octahedral structure and presence of lamelle 
is often difficult to discern, so that some members of the group 
have been classed as hexahedrites. 3 


JCTAHEDRITES. 


uoss.| Undet. 


ee) 


ee) ee ed 


Total. Sp. Gr. Analyst. Reference. 

99.31 7.853 |J. E. Whitfield...... 1902, Proc. Roch. Acad. Sci., 1V, 85 
SOMO 75703, HIE SNloissan. 2.0.4 1904, Comptes Rendus, CX X XIX, 776 
Be Go8) hss on en Booth,Garrett & Blair|1g05, Proc. Phil. Aca. Sci., LVII, 875 
GR al ser Resrenec oes: 2 Eee Stokes...52.<-1 2: (0605; As J. S.( Qed 252-4 

LOO, O0-,|5o5.. < Rpt Mariner & Hoskins. .|1900, A. J.S. (4), IX, 286 

SOPs eacee sien eyeiers | fell DEAS Yoo T etl egeeeae ating 1860, A. J. S. (2), XXX, 240 

98.32 7.74 HA--Genth.. X.%..: 1876, A. J. S. (3), XII, 72-73 

ROOM OT slice oter-. = enteess O. Hildebrand...... 1903, Mitt. f. Neu Vorp. u. Riigen, XXXV,4 
98.34 G- O52" 2 2|Ca le aCKSON'...2-5. a 1863, A. J. S. (2), XXXVI, 261 

98.89 | 7.952 | “ ee Fs 1863, A. J. S. (2), XXXVI, 261 

97.92 TETOR) sell Gs Von OMEHOLSE ee sc 1888, Neues Jahrb., 372 

Gore (4e 72st 77h |p hOSiten os ac ace oe 1848, Ann. Phy. Chem., LX XIV, 61-65 


100 .00 Te73 C. Rammelsberg....|1848, Ann. Phy. Chem., LX XIV, 443-448 


74 FIELD CoLUMBIAN Museum — GEo.ocy, VOoLu. III. 


2. COARSE OCTAHEDRITES. 


Width of lamelle 2.0-1.5 mm. The lamellar or octahedral struc- 


Name. 


Beaconsfield....... 
Bendegozermrata- siete 
BMS cok. ts alee 
Bisehttbes..2.2<. - 


Black Mountain... 


Bohumnilitz2.2 a2. 
“ 2% 
Se Se ae 4% 
“ 
Canyou Citye.-. > 
“ “oe : 

Cosby "Creek. ..:.. 
“ “ce 2% 

“ “ce 

“oe ce 


Duell Hill 


eee ee wwe 


Greenbrier County. 
Jennie’s Creek .... 
Lexington County.. 


Maputa.. oy... << 3 


et Rae ; : Pre Ores Peers pene perc pcre) eer a eR 


“ % AFA Sis ea 51d eal ake fia Be rol ante einai ree oe newer rammed Co. C. Si., ete. Lay 

Bid acerabees %\90.91 | 7-32 0. C. Si, ete., 7 

sel Cie re eer 92.55 | 7.08] .51 |.02 24 02 Ogel aces OI ea tie | Noere he eter + 
Wisgara yr occ t rey ae oy Al Wy gi 74 Meee Oc Wal P| ceed ried cori Pea ale iycic | een py ee : 
Oscuro Mountains../90.79 | 7.66] .57 |....]-.-- oD emul fetetetens SOT RAS PGT ctor ell eucnele | eaves aca 4 


*Cu. Sn. +By diff. 


. 
| 
MARCH, 1907. IRON METEORITES— FARRINGTON. 75 
| 


ture is more obvious than in the coarsest octahedrites, and the nickel- 
cobalt content in some members slightly higher. Cohenite’ and 
graphite are characteristic and common ingredients. 


JCTAHEDRITES. 
Undet.} Total. Sp. Gr. Analyst. Reference. 
Sarit veh oie O. Sjéstrém.........|1897, Sitzber. Berl. Akad., 1047 
voy he Bhekentscher.. ....... 1863, Buchner, Meteorites, 144 


7.47 Wohler & Martius ..}1867, Phipson, Meteorites, 94 


RS Re Se H. W. Nichols......|1905, A. J. S. (4), XIX, 242 

gate cera « Scherer & Sjéstrom.]1897, Meteoreisen-Studien, V,A.N.H., XII, 55 
W200 @, IGPU womepard. is.) s.1Pod 7s. As, Joo. (2), 1V,.81-83 
Pals pO teEIMMAN es om. aca. 1830, A. J. S. (1), XIX, 384-386 

Sr create J. J. Berzelius.......]1833, Ann. Phy. Chem., XXVII, 118-132 

Aer ey eS ss Gowee 2 e{LOS 3; Ae Su (2); 25 EZ 
Tt Ci. Ue Shepard. o....:: 1885, A. J. S. (3), XXIX, 469 
7.68 io MeeDavison: ... =... 1904, A J.S. (4), XVII, 383 

BPS Fore ate k GFroost:.. .2......11040; A; J. S. (1); XX XVIII, 254 
6.22 Cau Shepard: 26s... 1842, A. J. S. (1), XLITI, 354-357 

Peters cia C. A. Joy...........]1853, Ann. Chem. Pharm., LXXXVI, 39-43 
7.26 C. Bergmann’:..<....:. 1857, Ann. Phy. Chem., C, 254-255 

Sea ark e aid J. Fahrenhorst .....|1g00, Meteoreisen-Studien, XI, A.N.H. XV, 373 
7.46 Beas untOms rs 2s 1876, A.J. S. (3), XII, 439 

Bis Ne ape, se L. Fletcher........./1887, Min. Mag., VII, 183 


7.344 J. B. Mackintosh... .]1886, A. J. S. (3), XX XI, 147 
7.00-7.405 |C. U. Shepard, Jr .../1881, A. J. S. (3), XXI, 119 


7. SIA. (AL Patera hits .cens 1847, Ostr. Blatt. f. Lit, No. 169,-670 
7.814 Ue eT lay sek Pee Same | 

TRON =7 i022 Ase LZOW.Elatercis's tis fois ios 1849, Neues Jahrb., 199 

iaalemastie sts J. Fahrenhorst......]1900, Meteoreisen-Studien, XI, A.N.H.XV, 378 
fale J... Mi Davison... ... 1902, Jour. Geol., X, 518-519 


a oe R. C. Hills.........]1897, Proc. Colorado Sci. Soc. 


76 FieLD CoLuMBIAN MuseumM— Geo ocy, VoL. III. ; 
Name. Fe. | wi [ca bowler |. | oa ees eee See In- | Miscellaneous. | 
St. Francois County|92.10 | 2.60] tr. |....|.... LL b liseoeiee jo et ig 8 eel Lees a [Pe Nchreihersite a ' 
te Se i 1g268" k 607[. . G2" eee eShop SOT ase gee 103), |=. O8| Jaeces r 
Sao ptakiint. senate O5 045 |e2200|earer Peon a eroth Cera IOS all eee OZ eal se eiie lovee Sn.02 P.Pe. Ni. 1.32 1 
Silver Crown...... GRAB Z ip Oc Qk ake, Stes ies Mec Og a Iedeaetaes RE Ey Preis eee ee j 
Smithville. °< 2 grsi7 [7.02] /62-} tre iu | x86 lees see tae ee dele Res MainlyCarb, 15 
AD ALE eI 58 seer 2-70" 5 6G 270.1 scutes]: SOON | on eel oe clot eel ean eter P. Fe. Ni. .2@ 
Wichita... + .5e 89/99 [TOLOEE 8r,- be owale one cee eysce Pare am Ape Soke ajent or cilecontaes | ene re ans: a 
Willamette... 5. Ql .46 8, 30] a rere Lae ad fc bie cede oe wietaiacewts ot aleve 2 ocean ee re 
SO ENR chaos Ao OL 65-477 SOp = 20 behest S| ROQLE Lt cate n foe bie | ome he Galata eee ; . 
Y OWNEE RING —. Sena 2567-41 6 4G, S55 sobre pete ee o 2Ar a: [Ssreeetecl arnt ee | Coen -04) Mig... ome 2 
3. MEDIUM OCTAHEDRITES. 
Width of lamellz 1.0-0.5 mm. More than one-third of the iron 
meteorites belong to this class. They present, as a rule, quite uni- 
form characters. The lamellar structure is, asa rule, well-defined, and : 
Mepium 


Name. Fed tho Me" b@pi|Gaaheredy is ees | C JES CR Miscellanea ' 
- Abert Iron........ O27G2 1) G.A074 nde haea ss Palas cea foes bem ent oc ae Paar Schreibersite. . 
ns 92'.04°|-7 2007" .68 [2-2 aihai 268" | - OLS .02; foto eerie Graphite. ; 
Algoma. 25) 2 as 88.62 
Angara SRE uch ogee 92.64 
Arlington ade BARE at 90.78 
Asheville erin sae 96.50 
Bald*Pagles.a< 3. gI1 . 36 
Burlington........ 92.29 
Ser ee Ne 95-20 
Sens termes 89.75 
Cabin Creekr=..<- 91.87 
Cachiyuyal ....... 93-92 


7 


~y 


MaRCH, 1907. IRON METEORITES — FARRINGTON. 77 
Meine.) tom. | <spce |. Analyst. - | 2) Se ere 
| es Rae 99.70 |7.02-7.11 IC. U. Shepard 11111869, AT tS O(2)) ace Mill 233 234 
ae 100.58 7.746 J. Fahrenhorst ..... Kao: Meteoreisen-Studien, XI, A.N.H. XV 371 
SH SSSSRe Gale cae aa oe.tel JeTekbach.we... .... 1864, Sitz. Wien Akad., XLIX (2), 497 
ee 99.95 7:08 iH. L. Mcllwain.... 1888, Acree Sty (Speen V 277 
BP |e = s.< et Ol ae Jo. W. Huntington... 1894, Proc. Am. Acad. Arts & Sci., XXIX, 253 
J aa 100.38 7.74 W. Eberhard...... ee Ann. Chem. Pharm., XCVI, 286-289 
«A BaSaae MOOhLOOr|s-cess.- sa vb iddell 25. -|1860, Trans. St. Louis Acad. (1), 623 
«SEAR aae BOLO en. ao ae |). WW toneldl, 5 . 1904, Proc. Rochester Acad. Sci., 1V, 148 
on eae 99.83 Fag. |J. M. Davison....... ‘Same 
| 32 ee TOORS Sia ecs os toe sere = De Pletcherpe cass s 1887. Min. Mag., VII, 125 
the three alloys—kamacite, taenite, and plessite—are usually pres- 
ent. Among accessory constituents, troilite and schreibersite pre- 


dominate. These are often in the form of.nodules of appreciable 
S1Ze. 


MOCTAHEDRITES. 


Loss. |Undet. | Total. Sp. Gr. Analyst. Reference. 

AGE See 100.09 7.509 jc. smepard, Jr. -..19876, A. J. S.-(3); X11, 119 

Sr Cees 99.86 7.89 REBRIP ES) a oces cs 1887, Bull. U.S. Geol. Sur. VIII, 94 97 
3A See 100.26 Fig as A. A. Koch........-.|1903, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. XIV, 104 
«=a TOOPOGwintihe sega: ae M: A. Gobel .3...... 1874, Ball. St. Petersburg Akad. XIX, 544-54 
at tae TOG <5 levecleate ce: F, F. Sharpless ..... 1896, Amer. Geol. XVIII, 270 

ARS ieee 99.80 | 6.50-7.50 |C. U. Shepard ....../1839, A. J. S. (1), XXXVI, 81-84 
esa. 5 aces 99-77 7.06 W.G. Owens....... 1892, A. J. S. (3), XLIII, 423-424 

. ops] ae 100: 43°|..:....4.../C. H. Rockwell-. .. ../1844,A. J.S. (1), XLVI, 402 

eels. ~-5 PGR CGO once ws 2 U. Shepard): % 1847, A. J. S. (2), IV, 77-78 
Peon Coe 99.97 Che Woo: Clark. +2423; 1852, Metallic Meteorites, 61-62 
ee og. 42 7.837. |J.E. Whitfield...... 1887, A. J. S. (3), XX XIII, 500 

9 Ee a) (ee gee EE i Domeykar veer: & 1875, Comptes Rendus, LX XX], 597 


78 

Name Be: 
Gapertiie cuansmincl= 89.87 
Capery orkicmacens 90.14 
Sie al ne ae 38/91 .31 
Carthagert a. 89.47 
Casas Grandes... .]95.13 
Oo I eee 92 .66 
Chilo asa cer oe 92.56 
Chulafinnee....... g1 .61 
Cleveland... 2... 3189.59 
Colfax: ges. c53-23105.45 
se SOR ecnee es 88.05 
Coopertown....... 89.59 
Costilla se. 52.43. 91.65 
Dy alitOnmet stare cie ansierets 94.66 
Denton County... .|94.02 
Sa ee CaS 92.10 
Descubridora ...-. 89.51 
ed ramericte sac gO .09 
Elbogen's:.. 22.06 97.50 
oT aM ingot gy 87.50 

Crane toy coore 88 .23 

RS Agee 89.90 

Site at SE 94.69 

E| Capitanyex-.cc)- go.51 
OLE RIEGEL jeer 94.29 
foe te cede: 90.76 
Francevile i.e. gI.10 
Branktontes «ots ce 90.58 


Glorieta 


ee ed 


*Schreibersite, .84; Graphite, tr.; Silicate, tr. 


FIELD CoLUMBIAN Museum — GEOLocy, VOL. III. 


re oO 


eeeeftonne 


seeelowee 


[oe] 

[o} 
(oat 

_ 
Ne) 
= 


N 

Wal 

[e) 
° 
. 
. 
. 
. 
° 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 
. 


eet 


es OC es cs Cc ee 


Ce OC i Ct ek 


CO i Gs aC Ce ee 


: In- 
(e Siz (ep dol: 
iS 
.O4 
Stet .60 tr. 
ite 
tr. 
EROTIC -O2 
Saecaote -O2 


CC Ce OC ey 


es Os Cs i Ot 


Cs Ce SO re 


Cs Oe OO Cs er oe 


Se eee GeO ae er 


es rs OC Ce ae ry 


aye) ou) | 06 eKe | es ere o\ @ 


Cs ee oe 


i ee Cs Os 


Ce CO is ie ee] 


ee oe oe ary 


ha 
‘ 
oe) eyerfe)| aie dus o:|)sie),800)| e a\'o1s) | ele evan ehh ave) aia ri 


se ee Oe eer ars 


Pe Oe Oe re Oe re 


ary 


ee 


es i | 


es i ee Ca) 


re 


| 
(a. 35, Mg. .65 | 


|g 
4 


oss. | Undet. 


Pees eC 


Ss i 


es i ed 


es ee ed 
Pes Oe ee 


SCC ae 
eee ele recone 
kre ee ee wee 
re oo ey 
eee ee 
eerelosrecos 
eeeelorcece 
sew nlewewne 
es ee 


es ed 


.06 


es 


eee aif cve ne oe 


os ed 


99. 


Ioo. 


Ioo. 
Iol. 


100. 


Total. 


97 
38 


o4 


72 


MARCH, 1907. 


ed 


© aie) lave 6 ae 6\e 


ela) wile sie 0 eee 


aveieye) 6» «siete 


NI 


ow ete -2% (e:\0 ee \s 


see eee ew ee 


99: 


IRON METEORITES — FARRINGTON. 79 
Analyst. Reference. 

Ewbileteherzy at icy. ii: 1899, Min. Mag. XII, 167-170 

NR Seu S07) | 0 ea 1898, Northward Over the Great Ice, (2) 600 

os. Whitfield’, :..:: ot aay s “ i 602 

POLICY schesoaecscees 1866, Neues Jahrb, 808-810 

We Eassimi ete sees 1902, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. XXV, 71 

Cohen & Hildebrand|1903, Mitt. Nat. Ver. f. Neuvorp. u. Riigen, 

CXXV, 13 
DS Mats Sele, cscets rel sae 1905, Label, State Mining Bureau Collection, 


San Francisco, California 


J. B. Mackintosh. ...}1880, A. J. S. (3), XX, 74 


BA Genth san. was: 1886, Proc. Phila. Acad. Sci. 366-368 
Saw Grammer occa... 1890, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. IX, 197-198 
1G, Kakinsy.e sc. 1890, A. J. S. (3), XX XIX, 395-396 

i. Dinounithe. . & ameee 1861, A. J. S. (2) XX XI, 266 

EG Eakins, a: 1895, Proc. Colo. Sci. Soc. 

CU. Shepard, Jr... -/1883, Ay J. S:(3), X XVI; 338 
Wirobeiwiddell ix ee 1860, Trans. St. Louis Acad. I, 623 

A. Madelung....... 1863, Buchner, Meteoriten, 193 


1875, Neues Jahrb, 26 


J. B. Mackintosh... .|1887, A. J. S.(3), XX XIII, 235 


M.H. Klaproth..... 1815, Beit. Mineralkérper, VI, 306-308 
Jers Joba ows ess 1821, Jour. Chem. Phys. XXXII, 253-261 
eds erzerusi 2.2... 1834, Ann. Phys. Chem. XXXIII, 135-137 
Peep VVICMELGrts cre. ase 1863, Buchner, Meteoriten, 151-152 

P. A. v. Holger ..... x a x - 

H.N. Stokes ....... 1895, A. Jt 5:.(3)5- Th. 252-254 

Es ARE Toutet ses sieves: 1860, Trans. St. Louis Acad. I, 711-712 
A. Madelung....... 1863, Buchner, Meteoriten, 197 

J. M. Davison ...... Ig02, Proc. Roch. Aca. Sci. IV, 75-78 

ie SS OUMEDD start = <che' 1870, A. J.'Si.(2), XLIX, 331 

leoG. Eakins... 3.4). ; 1885, Proc. Colo. Sci. Soc. II, 14 


8o FIELD 


CoLuMBIAN Museum —GEo Locy, Vot. III. 


Name. Beso Nim | Com | GusicGra| ee: S. (. si. | ci. | 12] Miscelraneousmmiall 


Gloneta ye sny maser 88. 

LE TR CASE 87. 
Guilford County ..|92. 
Hopewell Mounds. |95. 


TO Ppeie ee ee go 
Finaschinawaeson-. 96 
IE iat a aR 83. 
CaP ah wvorsiere 89. 
Lvanpal erexi sree o- 94 
oelSHrome ret cc: 90 
Joe. Wrights... gI 
WriGallis es <a orane sto 92 


Kenton County....|ol. 


iokstad\. seioactamees Ole 
wa (Gaillen< eos. 4|92 
fs .... 24/89 
eM AattOms teen 85 
A. rate oeess go 
SES SSR sae (ele) 
ies eee RSC fore) 
al lee Spclereee set gI 
ICOSLEOWM wists as enc 95. 
Luis Lopez sc%..- s|9Le 


Marshall County ..|go 


Matatiela’. 2c cies. 92. 
Mazapils.ceccties gl. 
Mierceditass cen este Q2. 
Mistecasiisow ee 86. 


MoritOicaeck ip a csiee 95. 


sol. | 


Ca, 1.63, Al 77 7 fh. 
Mn. .61, Mg. 238 


MARCH, 1907. 


TRON METEORITES — FARRINGTON. eu 


Sp. Gr Reference. 
Fut C..UShepard= <-..% 1885, A. J. S. (3), XXIX, 469 
7.66 J. B. Mackintosh... ./1885, A. J. S. (3), XXX, 238 
7iaO7, C. U. shepard =... ROA Levee |e oan Ui) pow len 369-370 
Shot ee iH. W. Nichols......]/1902, Field Col. Mus. Pub. Geol. Ser. I, 308 
Be aT ee |F. P. Venable ......|1890, A. J. S. (3), XL, 163 
7.73-7.80 |M. H. Klaproth..... 1807, Beit. Mineralkorper, IV, 99-101 
7.82 IP. Aw ve-Hoelger....% 1830, Beit. u. vor. Ett. Zeit. f. Phys. u. Math. 
VII, 2, 129-149 
1 7ohe, |An Welle... =). S60 1852, Clark, Metallic Meteorites, 42-44 
7-65  C.U.Shepard......|1880, A. J. S. (3), XIX. 381-382 
7.863-7.958 L. Fletcher.......-. 1889, Min. Mag. VIII, 264 
Sb Ap ee -|J. B. Mackintosh... .|1886, A. J. S. (3), XXXI, 462 
pote and recat ‘A, A. Damour ......|1868, Comptes Rendus, LXVI, 569-571 
eestor a \J. M. Davison ......|1892, A. J. S. (3), XLIV, 164 
7.7876 |Fahrenhorst........ Igoo, Ann, S. Afr. Mus. II, 14 
7-43 NBs RAvOt av.ccacaree 1854, Ann. Mines (5), VI, 554-555 
7.64 \J. Boussingault ..... 1872, Comptes Rendus, LXXIV, 1287-1289 
UNA eta sens, By Poyatioleer ss... |10g0;) belt, Ett. Zeit f.Phys. ,u:’Mathz 
VII, 2, 129-149 
TBS AOWiehtlesve sac cscs: 1841, Rammelsberg, Handworterbuch, 423 
IS Wirion@larks Rack: 1852, Metallic Meteorites, 40 
7.98 AmiWiehtlest cc eons a S ef «f 
aS} J. Boussingault ..... 1872, Comptes Rendus, LXXIV, 1288-1289 
Pe eae C.U. Shepard .....|1869, A. J. Si (2), XLVITI, 234 
Ri EMO Mariner & Hoskins .|!1900, A. J. S. (4), 1X, 284 
es ORR Se jels Smith ......:,|1860, A. J. S: (2), XXX, 240 
7.8084 |J. Fahrenhorst...... 1goo, Ann. So. Afr. Mus. II, 17 
acta aioe J. B. Mackintosh... .|1887, A. J. S. (3), XX XIII, 225. 
NOEs datas J. Fahrenhorst......|1900, Meteoreisen-Studien, XI, A.N. H. XV, 
So C.-Béergenmian:. sss. er hae Ann. C. 246 
7.84 feb Sites Joe 1871, A. J. S. (3), II, 335-338 


Analyst. 


82 FIELD CoLuMBIAN MusEuM— GEOLoGy, VoL. III. 


{ 


Miscellaneous'® 


Orange River..... ...|Chladnite .5)) 
Schreib. . 


Petropawlowsk. ...|97. OF [isdn ys | tare ssiflove.c | ate'e, axial] niarsta'e, be eeots ill wlebetaons| Gte.cly al] a to, etna an 


ss PIO ALA 4 BO olel tua Oan| (Oo saallo ucts Smoucblnaba cc 
Pym Outta -teraeters 
Puquios ..........|88.67 | 9.83] :71 | :04)...s| ..17s|  -O9 | .O4>) th. | +...) 005] \ sen ne 


Red Rivien-ceccsant 3 Psy Peete | at (er ol (IS gtd bere eee Pree Pm Mecren i EOS Oc $ 


eeeee re (|QU~.QL | O.GO]. wee elo wee fore ele eee eet ee ee eel o eee ets ee eetoeeee es] « WI sewn ees senses 


ee ee Oe ee or iy 


Rhine Valley ..... 


Roebourne ....... 


eeee ee (Ql “ay | O50) «6 5f [| Lie Je wee fo eee sof ee ere eel sree efoeeesefoeeer|oeestoecvesses save 


Sacramento Mts...|gI. : SEQ [nsaa| ie fatel|le care cds aye tee rete Sieuslanall essere elie avers oll leet | cea ea 
San Angelo....... 
Sehwetz secneee a: : 3 : 10} 3. 22 ee it 
Seneca Falls:..... 


StaimntOnener i cece 


owoee eo ete a |. 0.0/5) eet | BO eieUhe fee oh eR re 2ie he Se eRe ie ae) 6) ae e ee 


Surprise Springs ..]gI. F ’ ‘ : F : : S02.) .4°0i2| a 
Thirds 2 sewkec : 49] . : Yo : O14) os:. Gare 4 


‘Lolwed Janik = mae 62) ocala is es SOS SV a dlars. O85) sia a wal 52 ake] ciate eee aa _ | 


a ‘se afe' ee elle a5 


MARCH, 1907. IRON METEORITES — FARRINGTON. 83 


;.| Undet.| Total. Sp. Gr. Analyst. Reference. 
HEU | TOO! OO! ler e/x woes s,« Grleroosteniete.seel oe 1848, A. J. S. (2), V, 351-352 
.59 | 99.79 -.89 He SE etGherrer ete sc 1887, Min. Mag. VII, 179-182 
Bas e's 100.00 7:3 ClUeShepard 2.7 {|¥86, A.J. S: (2), XAT), 213 
- Sea 99. 30 7.76 Sokolowsky ........]1841, Arch. Kunde Russ. I, 317 
. eee Wg. 55 -}u-s2s ----|bwanow 2 .4..<....|1841, Arch; Kunde Russ. I, 723-725 
ae Bah loess ee toe |e WL DavisOl.. oa. - )18Q5,/A. J.09-(3), “LU, 63-55 
| eee 99.55 7.93 Ga Balsinsiee ee 7 LOO ss Jie ((3) eel 226 
Bee ic 100.00 7.54 C.D, Shepard «2: <,|1820, A. J. S.(1); AVI,217-219 
| oer 99.87 | 7.40-7.82 |B. Silliman, Jr. & T.)1846, A. J. S. (2), II, 372-374 
S. Hunt. 
{Rese 99.31 |....-------|W. S. Chapman ....|1900, Ann. Rep. So. Aust. Sch. Mines, 227-228 
Tee 100.00 }.........--|Mariner & Hoskins .|1898, A. J. S.-(4), V, 136 
eo e.. 100.13 |.....-.---.|W. Flight ..........|1882, Phil. Trans. 894-806 
Becstat MOO 2On |i ceredeteiateekes - na Siaadleroe Ee e 5 ~ 
Rech 99.121 | 7.01-7.10 |C. U. Shepard .....|1850, Proc. A. A. A. S. III, 152-154 
oe. BiG toh tae eee Se IBOGCKIM G52 )c0 Soac os 1856, Neues Jahrbuch, 51 
sep 100.00 Tee Mariner & Hoskins .|1898, A. J. S. (4), V, 272 
eae G7 Wee ae ness oo) ]. de. Whitheld.’.; ..°|1897,-As J. 55 (4), 115,66 
a 1oo.10| 7.77. +|C. Rammelsberg....|1851, Ann. Phys. Chem. LXXXIV, 153-154 
as POG tok tes tees ||. We hepard. +) y.5. (1853, A.J. S:-(2); 4V,366 
: | ee 99.97 7.69 lek SARLOS ©... si 120705, Aa, J. 26395 20 5 °9397—-330 
a HOOs4 75)... -...2--2/). W. Mallet.2.. :....|1887, A; J. S2(q', XXXIIE, §9 
Bek 2 99.878 7.85 Seer (LO7T, AG |e S)plls 13 
eves sie 99-345 7.86 ey Seo eo ef 
- TASS 99.95 7.84 bs Sot SS end: a 4 
SRE 99.90 |.........--|J. E. Whitfield. .....|1903, A. J. S. (4), XV, 469-471 
Bera 3 100.00 7.7308 |E.Cohen...........|I900, Mitt. Nat. Ver. f. Neu Vorp. u. Riigen, 
| SBE EOORO UN mate ee. + tele |), Pe abrenborst 3... ws Vana Molsoieenn Studien, DL AG N REV 
Riess. o°. 100.00 TED Bentler pierce cicseitatete Bey AC] (3), XV, 20 
eso 99.72 |...........|E. Uricoechea ......|1854, Jour. Prakt. Chem. LXIII, 317-318 


EOMEA scis.5ciw oie eee 90.37 
baie epticg Shs ov, gO.72 
Mos Beetee trae te oes 87. 
amet hat or acess aes rig 
SENS ao aren eed Hae 
eer OO Ae Or aeee go. 
SE Eagar ga.c ate go. 
eerie |e 87 
OTE pee Ae 89. 
Nee ee ikee tre oe go 


Closceyes) san pam nen | GO-. 


Tonganoxie....... gl. 

Loubil 25 06 Spee: 95. 

PET eMtOne thar ee gl. 
Sea ate, 89 


AYE (ogc, gC Loe angiaitne so -|Q1. 
Welland?’ = css gl. 
Werchne Udinsk. .|g1. 


Wooster 5. teats 93-61 


*P. Fe. Ni., .34; Mn., .20; Sn., tr. 
{Graph., etc., .34; P., Fe., Ni., .56. 


MARCH, 1907. IRON METEORITES — FARRINGTON. 85 


Total. | Sp. Gr. Analyst. vite Read 
BOOS OZ ole oieaae sats ee Wri bayloriscccace 1856, Proc. Phil. Aca. Sci. VIII, 3 
ONO Osi sins syessc acess ese SMI 5 Sateate ale. 1856, A. J. S. (2), XXII, 374-376 

Chelly (eh ker ne See OFS TT i eee eae 1856, Ann. Chem. u. Pharm. XCVIII, 383-386 
BOAO! | etre <tc 0 SOP Ravage Seer oe + fe = 
QBGHOOM sarees slonecnc be Sn Aree eye eS or of S x 
6). 2h Ae RAE eeepc =ate eicioistaney rs : cs : 
Cloltote: y Coon SX Secietstesolbtapcle Moses s ¢ cf % 
Cea Menlo lateresencyete sre) IOCCKING . cea. nett Neues Jahrbuch, 304 

DSie2or|lapasams oar Me AS ebnasasck Suagetttesel = on F 
TOOZ Oe lxatsiever=  <aie bindse NASODS..5 s<. - 1857, Jour. Prakt. Chem, LXXI, 123 

NS pO iok waters alee se C. H. L. v. Babo ....]1863, Buchner, Meteoriten, 141 

Re See EH: W..Nichels<..... . Ig02, Pub. Field Col. Mus., Geol. Ser, I 308 
99.60 7.45 Bei. 9. Daley 2: 22 1891, A. J. S. (3), XLII, 386 

on FA eaceet ck ee Aatipoth 3 a, 1898, Bull. St. Petersburg Acad. Sci. V, 9, 91- 
99-35 7.82 Wie Aca) OEITGEIY fae: eos sary 1860, A. JeSe(2), MEVIT, 271 

100.70 7.333 GOs ste boaters 1869, Ann. Rep. Smith. Inst. 417-419 

.|100.65 Taher AGP: «Coleman 55. 1887, Proc. and Trans. Roy. Soc. Can., IV, 97 
-| 99.84 7.87 J. M. Davison....... 1890, Proc. Roch. Acad. Sci. I, 87 
2) | ad ee ee BL. AGASPEYFES: «sc a5 1895, Zeit. Kryst. XXIV, 494 


t00:48 |° 7.90. ~ {J. L. Smith. ........ 1864, A. J. S. (2), XXXVIII, 385-386 


86S: FIELD COLUMBIAN Museum — GEotocy, Vou. III. 


4. FINE OCTAHEDRITES. i 
Width of lamelle o.4-0.2 mm. The nickel-cobalt content ranges + 
between 8 and 10% percent. The fields are usually equal in amount 3 


to the lamelle and contain minute shining flakes, probably of taenite. 


Name. 


Augustinowka .... 


BellajRocas enor 


baogalar <2 oe 


Bridgewater ...... 


puckebere.s ate 


ed 


ee) 


Charlotte faqs ne 
Chupaderos....... .23| 8.76|1.21 
ste deom we .78| 9.80} .81 


SOG See .70| 8.76|1.19 
Grand Rapids .54| 3-82] .40 
Hassi Jekna....... 


Jamestown........ 


MARCH, 1907. IRON METEORITES — FARRINGTON. : 87 


Cohen divides the fine octahedrites into two groups, the Prambanan 
group and the Rodeo group. The Prambanan group includes the 
greater number. ‘They have a fairly uniform composition. Acces- 
sory constituents are usually present, but not in large quantity. 


.| Undet.| Total. ere Analyst. References. 


W. F. Alexejew ....|1893, Verh. Russ. Min. Ges. II, 30, 470 


J. E. Whitfield... ... 1889, A. J. S. (3), XX XVII, 440 

LG Or Cin ee ee 1905, Meteoritenkunde, III, 377 

|. Fabrenhorst.:.... Igoo, Ann. S. Afr. Mus. II, 28 

QO. Hildebrand...... 1902, Jb. d. Ver. f. Vaterl. Naturk. Wiirtem- 
: berg, LVIII, 292-306 

Krupp” babies... 2. 1902, Jb. d. Ver. f. Vaterl. Naturk. Wiirtem- 

berg, LVIII, 292-306 
C.U;/Shepard: | =. .. 1853, A. J. S. (2), XV, 1-4 


Sj6str6m & Fahren-|r897, Meteoreisen-Studien, V, A. N. H. XII, 


horst. 43 

ASLAIVeTSIdge. .ie-vc,< Ig02, Jour. Roy. Soc. N.S. W. XXXVI, 341- 
359 

PP. Venable 2722: 1890, A. J. S. (3), XL, 312-313 

Wohler & Wicke. . .|1863, Gottingen Nach. 364-367 

J. Fahrenhorst...... 1900, Meteoreisen-Studien, XI, A. N. H. XV, 
367 

D. Olmsted, Jr...... 1845, A. J. S. (1), XLVIII, 388-392 

B. Silliman, Jr., & T.|1846, A. J.S. (2), II, 374-376 

S. Hunt. 

C. Rammelsberg ...|1870, Ber. Berl. Akad. 444 

Wee ASRRILEDD © cle eS a. Rages fst so 3); oes S51 

Cohen & Weinschenk/1891, Meteoreisen-Studien, VI, A. N. H. VI, 
147-148 

Oo Buren Tae os 2c 1905, Meteoritenkunde, III, 354 

J. E. Whitfield ..... 1902, Proc. Roch. Aca. Sci. 1V, 79-88 

O. Hildebrand...... Ig02, Mitt. d. Nat. Ver. f. Neu. Vorp. u. 
Riigen, XXXIV, 2 

Fy W. Taylors... 1884, A. J. S. (3), XXVIII, 300 

IR. ISPS eis «wc 1885, A. J. S. (3), XXX, 372 

Se, Meuniets 22.7... 1892, Comptes Rendus, CXV, 531-533 


O. W. Huntington ..|1890, Proc. Am. Acad. (2), XVII, 229-232 


88 FIELD CoLUMBIAN Museum — GEOoLoGy, VoL. III. 


Name. 


Jewel-Dollts oo... < 


Lagiante + 4. cs 
Mantos Blancos... 


Moonbis2 tc. ons ce 


=o 


Putnam County... 


“a 


Russel Gulch ..... 


te 


St. Genevieve. ... 


Smith’s Mountain. . 


ae 


9-07 


a 


8021-550} 


Q.92|1 .04 
8.00] .44 


eee 


Miscellaneo ' a 


. 
7 
| 


‘a a 


MARCH, 1907. IRON METEORITES — FARRINGTON. 89 

ss. | Undet.| Total. Sp. Gr Analyst., Reference. 

I eae GAG ote ee ee otek OMltD cn oes ~.[T500, Az J. S-(2), XXX, 240 

aaa 99.32} 7.89 Jab. Smit, 2.4... |8601, A. J. S. (2), XXXI, 265-266 
a LGOTZ9 ler eqstecniece sorts OR Baneena ose. 1905, Meteoritenkunde, III, 358 

| ae 100.25} 7.904 |L. Fletcher.........|1889, Min. Mag. VIII, 258 

| a TOO;13} 7:03 J.C. H. Mingaye ...]1893, Jour. Roy. Soc. N.S. W. XXVII, 82-83 
| Ae 99-57| 7.48 M. Van der Boom Mesch .. .|1866, Archives Neerl. I, 468 

Bel sone O9273 |= 4-03 E.H.vonBaumhauer}| “ os x sé 

ee 100.004|...........|Wlaanderen ........|1867, Nat. Tij. Ned. Ind., XXIX, 268-270 
ae loo.55]...........|O. Sjéstrém ........]1897, Meteoreisen-Studien, A. N. H. XII, 42- 
Beis... GA GD ree ere wn SOS ONE siece et oz Rss a meals July 12, 5 

Bes <5. 100.00] 7.69 C2. shepards. ..2.7.s{8854, A. J.'S. (2); X VIL, 331-332 

Blicics <2 99.56]...........|Knauer & Biirger...|1905, Meteoritenkunde, III, 345 

J a 99.25 772 jee Smarts 22h. 1000, A fo. (2); SEM, 218-219 

Cee 99.50 7.092° 2 1C; Li Jackson «...« .;|1867,-A. J. S..(2), XLII, 281 

| ere 100.07 |...........|J. E. Whitfield......]1901, Proc. Roch. Acad. Sci. IV, 65-66 
ARBRE FeeAOO Vonks cP Genthe 22> .-2.|1877, A. |. S..(3); SLL, 214 

See 99.46 TGS Fog res aches Soe ae ia eS C3 

ee faa: 45" |.-<..).....|O..030rver.....%... - 1905, Meteoritenkunde, III, 379 

eee 99-77 7.863 |L.Fletcher........./1889, Min. Mag. VIII, 259 
1 | ea 100.00 Ole late SD CIOZAS x of 24,2 1876, Proc. Phila. Acad. Sci., 126 
Ie |<... ROMP SO2Y Sc sers op%. wp Cy, UTR EE Faas tran vs 1905, Meteoritenkunde, III, 320 


go FIELD CoLuMBIAN MusreumM—GEoLoey, VoL. III. g 


b. RopdEO GROUP 

The nickel-cobalt content is somewhat higher than in the Pram- » 
Rod fy: 
Name. Fe. | Ni. | Co.]Cu.|cr.| P. | Ss. | c.. | si | cL | 12°] Miscellaneonig) 
Pulte Biela ernicitane eters 85. GAT 2c SO) eA pee eels 2 are $30:)|5 <0 POZGI acts net . 86]. <<. os ea 1 i 

Bear. Greeks use 83. 8glt4.. 06] °. 83. Ar. porns cf Ei erases | ois ieee [tererers s fre mio whl guarentee 
QOuesa, 025. case ses 87.97/10775/1.07;| /O4|c4-] 2 2Q: | tls. ter ats lc olewe cree ee al eee = 
i 8WeY6 (Sonat tas SIO Or 86205 (2. 271. 20a) Ol. Osee25 SOD |. a's 'e |evsss.sue |leiere'e lye O77 hetsterce oie i 
ee cn ees e Sound |SSe70|s20q1s cO7 eee tae oO £02 ||. OG sities taliece see | tena en qt 


5. FINEST OCTAHEDRITES. 

Width of lamella not exceeding o.2 mm. The nickel-cobalt 
content lies, as a rule, between 10 and 15 percent. Plessite strongly 
developed. Cohen divides the class into two groups, the Salt River 
group and the Tazewell group. 


SALT RIVEBy 


Name. Fe; =|- Nisst) Cas 4 Ca: | ‘Cre PB: = Go Sineier ae Miscellaneou}. 

BacdDyirito sy... 6.22. 88364) 6108) er eh os aliens L512 O05 Hse [te eS a q 

Se. eicn arr aiies $9254) 9:40) 708 4. .02}- 202) a2 G2 je cOLAos er 02! Tawa Chromite, i Al 

Ballingg 9. 2-2. 89.34] 9.87, .60 | .06 48 03 | 702 |2s.2cle@seclee np eee ? | 
SOTI Os, sone tater 89.91| 8.85] .74 | tr 5On) eatt tr Er isc tS lines Sea esexe ae, ee 

Bitler: otyeoane 94| 89. 12110,.02) i226 4° SOF] oc vie ec RS Vase 20, sed cielo als finde, st tiai] = orate allt cdebn oee ae an 
Salt<River s2tser.2 0 74s GONG cate ee eee eal ate sere aia beeen ese (ene .26| Mg. Na., t 
+ +++.%4! 90.89) 8.70] .85 | .04 34 | tr G2 cose alice ci neilee ooh ae oe eee 


MARCH, 1907. IRON METEORITES —F ARRINGTON. gi 


banan group, so that the group is a transition to the finest octahe- 


drites. 
OUP. 
ss.| Undet.| Total. Sp. Gr. Analyst. Reference. 
Be ese 's,5's 99.97 7.525 |M. Neff & A. Stocky|1899, Prog.d.Bédhm Gym.in Mahr-Ostrow 
Bl...... Poca th? ane ek. Simith.. s+... 11867; A. J. S..(2), X LAT, 280 
BBs. <3 100.02 |...........|J. Fahrenhorst......|1900, Meteoreisen-Studien, XI, A. N. H. XV, 
Bee S's. CPT bate te tatters h |Op ULBET S656) cee Be conan e. III, 299 
| ae 99/89 |s.+2..-.~.-|E. W-Nichols ....:..|1905, Field’ Col. Mus: Geol. Ser,- III, 4 

a. SALT RIVER GROUP. 

The content of nickel-cobalt is lower than in the Tazewell group, 
not exceeding 10% per cent. Plessite predominates as compared with 
the Tazewell group. Schreibersite is common in numerous small, 
elongated individuals, 

ROUP. 

ss.| Undet.| Total. Sp. Gr. Analyst. Reference. 

| J Sapeae 96.285) 7.69 J. E. Whitfield ...../1902, Proc. Roch. Acad. Sci. IV, 74 

a 100.14 7.59 Cohen & Hildebrand|1g03, Mitt. N. Ver. f. Neu Vorp. u. Riigen, 
XXXV, 13 

we[eceees 100.40 720432. 1O%; SJOStrOM +... 2.5 - 1898, Ber. Berlin Akad., 19-22 

[ae 100.00 | 7.8 Mariner & Hoskins.|1898, A. J. S. (4), V, 137 

7 aan 99-53 Vee. eS e tne. Sel LOZ fy Aaa e035 aL, 273 

ee WOO.30- | gasscee--| Ws He brewer...2.<|1851, Proc. A.A. A. Sci. IV, 36-38 

Bel....--|100.84 7.6648 |J. Fahrenhorst ..... eo DC Ae, New caxeVs 


This group includes the octahedrites having the highest percent- | 


FIELD COLUMBIAN MuseEuM— GEoLOoGy, VoL. III. 


6b. TAZEWELL GROUP. 


«sh eeeh oat waite 


Tazewere 

Name. Fe. | Nin |o Coe as Cane ae. s G ci. | J" | Miscellaneous d 
Caritomn cars teh 86.54|12.77| .63 alee ALG 03 cps laced [ese | <a) ss0e nn 
Laurens County...| 85.33/13.34| .87 ST Ou|eeths ts |S eyorete ie, wb ous eee, ce ee 
NWatiting sats nase 89.68] 9.20] .33 | .04) tr. 16 FOZ iN eels aillang scapey| even, orcs oPey Nc eee eee 
Mian cinelieyeeetensris = 90.31] 8.23]1.36 Xofo) || ie: SOT |h VEE. ie el el eee cle é 
< 87.96|10.99} .88 | .08 .03| .17 DL" | atic tall are aashell (aie atone [hecehose!l Met ee 

Narraburra Greek. -. ; 44] 88.60\9.74|"sA7 4-00) ea) (ea: | tin Mle ye le eet tees .72\ Resinous matter i 
Tazewell #405, 2. | 282,,70\14.02| 40) | O72. nai) 20S KOBE na ees ayers .02 .| Mg.0 .24, S10, 


c. COWRA AND VICTORIA WEST. 


Cowra and Victoria West resemble the Salt River group in their 
predominance of plessite. Their place among the octahedrites is not 


Cowra AM! 

| 

Name. Fe. Nig) iGon [Gur PB: S Cc Si Ch dn Miscellaneou | 
CiUWrastrs athe! 36 | 85 26IT3'23|'T 021 ':02),, £2 ef .22 7) s. OF) |. Ogal, cole aaa ieee Sn.and Mn.,f"; 
Victoria West..... 88.83/10.14] 0.53} tr. 285 levers «,o-cils "eae vil oe ctor oteuee eevee) | Me eee ae y 


B. HAMMOND OCTAHEDRITES. 

These meteorites appear in section to be granular aggregates in & 
which black particles and taenite-like lamelle extend in directions i 
parallel to octahedral planes. They thus have resemblances to the & 
octahedrites and form a transition to the ataxites. The structure by % 
which they are characterized may be either original or secondary. If 
original, the structure has been produced by the separation of the ; 
nickel-rich alloy and black particles to form a web, the lines of which F) 
Hammon” 

: 


Name. Fe. Ni. Go.-|:Gu.|\ Cr. 12h Ss. Cc: Si. Miscellaneou! | 


| 
Cataria. iin Aine 87.38/12.06] .65]} .02] .o1] .22 OG eg Sectins| cpt en rete ees 09 |SiO2z ... 3 i 
Sen Vise teae caterers 92.00] 7.70] .54] .03] .oI 24 06 an 
Hammond........ 89.78] 7.65] 1.32] tr 0 ete Ti ol ee leet ue ogre: ft Sn. tr. Sis m. 
smekt Meee oer Ql.62|-7..34|\1.01|-sO4| 201) ) 952 OFM POGnd sa vas SOT" |p sat: oes ee 3 " 
Reed City: 0 ac feu 89.39] 8.18 a 


MARCH, 1907. IRON METEORITES — FARRINGTON. 93 


age of nickel-cobalt. It reaches 15 per cent. and more. Taenite is 
strongly developed. 


2OUP. 

ss.| Undet.} Total. | Sp. Gr. Analyst. Reference. 

Bie|+-s00- 100.26 7.95 iG. Kakins. ...% 2: 1890, A.J. S. (3), XL, 223-224 

| ae rae abies e woe) ee Mackintosh .....|1886, A. J. S..(3), XX XI, 463-465 

| 99.43 is ao2k sk [Ee Ne SEOKES)..25-,. -~|2900, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. II, 53 

| aeeee ten 7.4 Mariner & Hoskins.|1898, A. J. S. (4), V, 139 

| a 100.32 Fatice vee s{h. KMAUEr\.. 7.2. .|1905, Meteoritenkunde,-ITI;;269 

Beh scxu:’s s 09-60", 77.57 A. Liversidge.......|1903, Proc. Roy. Soc. N. S. W. XXXVII, 
Bee's c-s« vas 7.89 ak, Smith sco 2 x3 ey Js Ss (2) RI XG 153 


certain, however, and it seems desirable therefore to group them sep- 
arately. Their percentage of nickel-cobalt resembles that of the 
finest octahedrites, 11 to 15 per cent. 

CTORIA WEST. 


s.|Undet.} Total. Sp: Gr; Analyst. Reference. 


| ae 99.80] 7.805 |J.C.H. Mingaye ...|1904, Rec. Geol. Sur. N.S. W., VII, 31 
| ae ege7e~ \7.002> Wels Smith. os: : 1873, A. J. S. (3), V. 108 


accord with octahedral planes. In the meshes of this web the 
nickel-poor remainder is deposited as a homogeneous, granular 
aggregate. If the structure is secondary, it may be explained by 
supposing that a normal octahedrite was somewhat softened by heat, 
so as to destroy the lamellar structure in part, after which solidifi- 
cation took place. If this latter be the correct explanation, the 
softening was carried farther in Hammond than in Cacaria and Reed 


City. 

TAHEDRITES. 

eee 

is.| Undet.| Total. Sp. Gr. Analyst. Reference. 

. | 100.64, 7.7070 |J.Fahrenhorst......|1900, Meteoreisen-Studien, XI, A. N. H., XV, 
362-363 

Melo... HOOKS Ofeia. «setae x \scake fe sista e 0h ALLE 

ae 99. 82|7.601-7.703}Fisher & Allmendinger ... .]1887, A. J. S. (3), XXXIV, 383 

BM ecins's,s« 100.62|7.288-7.506|J. Fahrenhorst......|1900, Meteoreisen-Studien, XI, A. N. H., XV, 
356 

SS OeA57|. ¥-6 J. E. Whitfield .....]1903, Jour. Geol., XI, 233 


94 FIELD COLUMBIAN MusEuM— GEoLoGcy, VoL. III. \) 
C. BRECCIATED OCTAHEDRITES. |) 


In these, as in the brecciated hexahedrites, the mass appears to be 
BRECCIATE}i 


Name. Fe. | Ni. | Co. | Cu.]Cr.] P. | 8. | Cc. | si | cl | 27 | Miscellaneous 
eae als Ga eee Ses nl one (ay tees Ce al kee ac eS nam 
Barranca* Blanca... |} of ,{so80F] 5.651 te, <a ste ES ce hgtceeh apa, sktcpaee cok) ee El. 
N’Goureyma...... 89.28] 9.26] .60] .o4] .11] .05 S77 fa WEY. al Ves cartes [ee Sot 2241\Ce ae Ge c i 

Chromite .¢ 

Lee ne Mateo GIOO|SF-nESt Athen | iasere|oe eal eiaerata| rieieterst ie Sorbet elles aoe Fe.S.... 2m 

Graphite, ete. .. | 
Santa Rosa’ .3.25 98) 291. QO 7 e72he in wes Parchetel late Ot was acetates bal | Sere ail alate a eee £28) cnisc. acer spe: 

Bt ay Ree 92.30| 6.52] .78] .o2| tr 36 O4 | 218 |e ose ees een oho oe 4 

igh Hee a ets 3: 50) 2: SOP acc creel 5. Wel anatintere accel Sis wn SF eens wegen raster cease Sn.dt 5 }. 
Nchreibersite.. .) 

ee ae ree PT eA Rees ROE REE! Da Che Kirra mts (ave ae sib a! a Sn, 07 Sch. abe 
=] 

LaCAteCAS.\...9e-~ 6): SorG4l BOOb p02) el ons Sd eBeme 13 3.08|Mg. tr i] 
; 

Pm itcytees oe QO291) “SeO5) esd tarts oe .23 OF. Wai 5On| eter 2:17 |2. a= => cee =f 

; 

Soo Ry ae aercns, sratatere g1.30| 5.82} .41| tr. 2G |e dee-a0 5:2 focessia 2’ tele eiiehars aie 2.19|Mg.,, tr t. 

z ‘ 

Se Pees: 92.09] 5.98} .gI]. JOT O2 beomses bocx alle sa pera OA}: «dee 1% 

_t 

| 

sf 

Fh 

ral 

pay 


ati 


; Fat? 


Marcu, 1907. IRON METEORITES — FARRINGTON, 95 


made up of numerous individuals, the direction of whose lamelle dif- 
fers in the individual grains. 


CTAHEDRITES. 
ss.| Undet.| Total. | Sp. Gr. Analyst. _ Reference. 
ae 100.47} 7.823 |L. Fletcher ........|1889, Min. Mag., VIII, 263 
 AGRRSS 100.49] 7.6722 |E.Cohen ........../1go01, Mitt. Nat. Ver. f. Neu. Vorp. u. Riigen, 
XXXIII, 14 
J aes 99.36] 7.31 S. Meunier.........}I901, Compt. Rendus, CX XXII, 444 
. eae 99.46]. 7.30-7.60 |Rivero and Boussingault ...|1824, Ann. Phys. Chem., XXV, 438-443 
| eRe 100.20] 7.6896 |O. Sjéstrém........|1899, Meteoreisen-Studien, VIII, A. N. H,, 
i 96.90/ 7.332 |W. Haidinger...... rts ok KIT ad 
3 eae I00.00]..........-|J]. Auerbach ........|1863, Neues Jahrb., 362 
ASS 99%63)/\. 47.20 H. Miiller..........|1860, Jour. f. prakt. Chemie, LX XIX, 25 
| 76 Sapare 99-95] 7.625 SP oed Oxatciant sort ss a bie s 
a 99-97| 7.50 Se or cer oe c, ¥ c: 
ies ois ais MOOR a-tcttaas t= al He COME). Nelo sce s: OI i ae VieAU NE le 
} I 


96 FIELD CoLuMBIAN Musrum— Geo oey, Volt. III. 


Il. ATAXITES. 


These iron meteorites are characterized by a fine granular to 
compact structure throughout. They show no evidence of the cubic 
cleavage and Neumann lines which characterize the hexahedrites, nor 
of the lamellar structure, octahedrally arranged, of the octahedrites. 
The individual grains are in some cases visible to the naked eye, but 
for the most part are of microscopic or sub-microscopic dimensions. 
In some occur peculiar streaks which seem to have crystallographic 
arrangement, but their exact relations have not been determined. 
These form a special group, which, while not ataxites: in the strict- 
est sense of the term, may be included among them for present pur- 
poses. The ataxites show the greatest variation among all iron 
meteorites in their nickel-cobalt content. This varies from 6 to 16 per 
cent, and in the doubtful Oktibbeha to 63 per cent. Two general 


San Francisco del Mezquital] g3.38 


Siratik (Senegal)..] 94.07] 5. 


Name. 


Campo del Cielo ..} 92.33 
(Wohler’s Iron.) 


Ee agin eet hacalete Sut chee 89 22 
SEA TINEA cs Me caneies 94.25 
Gincimmath sees. 94.47 
Locust Grove ..... 94.30 


Wn “Um set rn. 


“e “ce 93.36 


MarcH, 1907. IRON METEORITES — FARRINGTON. 97 


subdivisions may be made of the ataxites, according as they are nickel- 
poor ornickel-rich. Transitions occur between these, but a general 
grouping is practicable. Accessory constituents are not usually abun- 
dant in the ataxites, and when occurring are of small dimensions as a 
rule. 


A. NICKEL-POOR ATAXITES. 


The nickel-cobalt content lies between 6 and 7 per cent, the com- 
position thus corresponding to that of kamacite. The structure is, 
as arule, plainly granular, seldom compact, the size of the grains 
reaching 0.75 mm. : 

1. SIRATIK GROUP. 


An etched surface appears rough through the presence of irregu- 
larly arranged depressions, due perhaps to the solution of some acces- 
sory constituent, such as troilite or schreibersite. The smaller the 
depressions the more plainly the boundaries of the grains appear. 
The latter range from 0.33 to 0.75 mm. in dimension. 


ee 


oe oe 


Cn 


Total. Sp. Gr. Analyst. Reference. 

ie tol. i254 7... (Nao. Manross.:.5.-. CO5 32k Jo os(2), XV, 220 

99.23) 7.85 CC RATHUSD. . Fo 5.0 'siers Ann. Chem. u. Pharm., CXV, 92 
100;28|, . 717679". |0: Sjostrom :. oc... 1898, Meteoreisen-Studien, VITAL ON, He 
100.69] 7.6895 coh Dente ie ae 1898, a Berlin Akad. 428-430 

TOOK 7/7/|ea ie 7003 SAO es a aaa reeee 1897, Ber. Berlin Akad., 76-81 

99.89] 7.83 A. A. Damour...... 1868, Comptes Rendus, LX VI, 573-574 
100.03} 7.7687 |J. Fahrenhorst ..... 1goo, Meteoreisen-Studien, XI, A. N. H., XV, 
TOO, Fiera 727752. (On SJOSHOM: 1. 2... 1898° Hci enon Studied, Vill Aw Ne E 


XIII, 131 


98 FIELD COLUMBIAN Museum — GEo.ocy, VOL. III. 


2. NEDAGOLLA GROUP. 


| 
: : ; : 5 
Both granular and compact irons occur in this group. They lack : 
the rough appearance of the Siratik group on etched surfaces. The $ 
NEDAGOLE pi 
Gg 
Name. Fe. | Ni. | Co. |Cu.] Cr} Pp. | S. | Cc. | Si. | cl | 2% | Miscellaneomess 
. 4 


Forsyth County... 
(Compact portion.) - 


(Granular portion). 


Nedagollax <<. << 
Nenntmansdorf ... 
Parimaitivae scr ssi 94. (Ney PA baci At 03 J 
RAs ALA 7 Sat tew cies 90.276) °F 87 |iors: sin aie or ass |pxeterell cau\ele:rose flee ave ietel| Satetenetel| a csretet ere tannal| eaten lene eee =i 
P. Fe. Nim 
Soon bet aoe orate oe ty Q2535 20 e702 5e linc 35 tit ....|Silicates . ep! 
Sn. ..... ae 
Ce abide “wet cat et 92.81 oie .64 | .o1] tr. 28 O8 | 219i] 2 coals sie: feeine feces eae 1 
| 
3. RAFRUTI GROUP. a 
The members of this group resemble the granular members of the 
RAFRUY, 
= 
Name. Be.) “Nt. | Go. | Cac}-er fa S CA Siz Gk bat Miscellaneous), 


Illinois Gulch,..... 62,750). 90 SIG qos .62 


s +2 <42| 86.77|12.67|...51, |\-202|) JOL| +208 
Rafrun fc ete oem 89.87] 9.54] .61 | .03] .oI] .06 


MARCH, 1907. IRON METEORITES — FARRINGTON. 99 


size of the grains in the granular members is generally less than 0.5 
mm., rarelyo.75 mm. No granular structure is visible, even on strong 
magnification, in the compact members. Chesterville and Rasgata are 
rich in rhabdite. 


3s.|Undet.| Total. Sp.Gr. Analyst. Reference 

hes ce 3s 100.00] 7.82 C. U. Shepard ...../1849, A. J. S. (2), VII, 449 

Bess a's 100.04]...........|O. Sjéstr6m ........|1897, Meteoreisen-Studien, V, A. N. H., XII, 

Bee eas. s 100.46] 7.8209 ee bhcee ae iG R, Metevicisea Studien: Val ASS IN) ES 
XIV, 150 

| eee a Oc ae eerie E. A. de Schweinitz/1896, A. J. S. (4), I, 208-209 

ASR To 4T)'<. 7.4954. |O. SjGstrom. ....... 1897, Ber. Berlin Akad., 386-396 

rn 100.81] 7.3357 RN Cine renee : ; . 

Ae 99.62) 7.8613 v ........ {1897, Meteoreisen-Studien, VI, A. N. B., XII, 121 

CUO Se 99.81]... ee ew eee G. E. Lichtenberger|1873, Sitz. Isis. p. 4, Dresden 

| See 99.42] 6.21 iE. Geinitz”..i......5 o.|5670, Neues Jahrb., 609 

i... 100.81 GRO2ZAT: © /ECAGOREM: ences scstels: 1897, Meteoreisen-Studien, V, A. N. H., XII, 

: Met set |) LOO. 30) fee oem ee OSSSjOStrOMIs ss oe Boe, dic teoteisea Studien: VI,A. N. H., XII, 

BP icccie e's 98.63) 7.6 Rivero and Bouse. ieee Fabs Ana: Chem. Phys., XXV, 442-443 

| {Sea TOOSTI 33-7. 97 (Ed WOMIEES co coe s s 1852, Ann. Chem. Pharm., LXXXII, 243-248 

ol Reeriaes 100.71 7.654 |O. Sjéstr6m ........|1898, Meteoreisen-Studien, VIII, A. N. H., XII, 143 


Nedagolla group, but have an essentially higher nickel-cobalt content, 
and thus form a transition to the nickel-rich ataxites. 


OUP. 

eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeEEEEEEEEEeee———eEEEEee———————— 

iss.| Undet.| Total. Sp. Gr. Analyst. Reference. 

| J Sose 1O0.00)) 5-757 Mariner and Hoskins|Igo00, A. J. S. (4), LX, 201-202 

| 3. ae 100.36] 7.8329 |J.Fahrenhorst...... 1900, Meteoreisen-Studien, XJ, A. N. H., XV, 
353 

| 4 Saaee 100.41 7.596  |Cohen and Hildebrand... .. 1902, Mitt. Nat. Ver.f. Neu. Vorp. u. Riigen, 


XXXIV, 87 


100 FIELD CoLUMBIAN MuseumM— GEOLOGY, VoL. III. 


B. NICKEL-RICH ATAXITES. 


These ataxites are fine-grained to compact, and acquire, as a rule, 
on weak etching, a characteristic varnish-like luster. Stronger etch- 


ing produces a dull surface, having a peculiar velvety sheen. The 


SMITHLAN] _ 


Name. Fe. Ni Cor tGuwaiere es St G Si. Cl ta Miscellaneous 
Babb’s Mill ....... ST oHLe Eh Peel eeoed eee uae PR Bee ioered| etic cin Al. Mg.Ca, th 
(Troost Iron) ah 
U. 8716): G27G) cat. fcc led < aps awnbel|ic este neyo ste etea acted s Seale) opr oeee qi 
i 8 Mn. | 
OL 5OUE7 SRO) 2 ON snc Sl aaawre Nerctors oc Lace a rete aioe 1 ag, Camel pe I2|p Fe. Ni 
« SUMS ANT 7 274 T ZO epee in| sisye 1 Gel parrots (reckon | Pmt) (earies iol (cg P. Fe. Ni 
i 81.45 |17.30] 1.67] .03] .03] .12 OI | .07 
(Blake Iron) ron Mey Alero) eed ae er) I erat Eee erty) SS e 
es $6 $30 |12 58) NGG). f54% soc Me seicieta ine em ep fereetia| es amceliae snl epee eee 
: COu23)| TOL lee. 72). O2|e ett tr O3n|treee OL 515 50)).c seta 
of 88.41 ]I1.09] .66}. O2|\ (ir tr OS Alters O2 | |2s.. 3 acerca 
mrp oF 
BOtetouttews-e soe 85.88 TOL23 ibs he oe cal Sewe aie || tieleae evel es evel cece |S antamel eel ai | 
a Be. 
Deep Springs..... S71 OF [IT .G0p ayo! sole oes oq Alar iiyal mitre BS) 230 4he- Salinger oe 1] 
a S5.GO113 441" SzOl), JOST. COSle TOGA teers SOP ess hat oy ats Aen) Pe ee a | 
Wehesa- ss. seers. 86220) |T4'. 20) ere | cpasrallSavelsi| ce helere: of eyes tmstoye!| Stove: tel kets toueeet| toveteche | (era een eee | 
Ein PAlEr Soha 5 eae ese “of. lig (Oy WPI LY Beslan ol labor tr. 512 || -\*trs.|h Ataleseee al heel eee ae | 
. $3.13|f6292). 76): ..62]..22) 523 |. O02.) WE Dol tee al ook et oe ee | 
Morradal...:.. <<] 79267 |18:77|-4.18) .06|- 06)) .18.|5.27 oe tol Soe ee eo cance \q 
Smithland ........ 82831165421 94] ef .GO| = 00.4 287% Uae eccal coe mie eee net = Pia eee ae 


Weaver co scietiseces 80.78 17.92 SOA Lactic 2 DS al inssye-ate[taceorce ant oi on etal | ane fata tote 


MARCH, 1907. 


IRON METEORITES — FARRINGTON. 


IOI 


nickel-cobalt content lies, for the most part, between 14 and 20 per 
cent, though it drops to 12 and rises to 264% per cent. 


1. SMITHLAND GROUP. 
The nickel-cobalt content does not exceed 20 per cent. 


Reference. 


ee od 


pe ele eee ae 


*As recalculated by Cohen, 


+37 


Sp. Gr Analyst. 
7.540. 2\GcUwohepard '3.: 
ware piss ehace ere Ger OOS bacchs!ats, 0. sts 
7.039 WW. oe Clatle.. ci. 
Fa{GAG. «|b. COHEU! <r, shea 
SO RO CHR ORSOe J. Fabrenhorst .. 
eos ome |W Eaolakels. cers 
Jacks Gee Cohen and Weinschenk. . 
2 Se eae J. Fahrenhorst .. 
o-teon. |@.-sjostrom.,..< 
noah oe 5. PP. Venable: 
7.4538 |J. Fahrenhorst .. 
7s0692) ji) Womeyko™,.. - - 
Aer Ont ee J. E. Whitfield .. 
FATZT © \Ok, S|OStLOMj67. «- 
7.8543 REM ee ie th 
77-7315 Sy AR ema cece 
Fel Winder cscs seer 


Meteoritenkunde, Heft III, p. 


wae 


eee 


1847, A. J. S. (2) IV, 76-77 
1845, A. J. S. (1), XLIX, 342-344* 
1852, Metallic Meteorites, 65-66 


1892, Meteoreisen-Studien, II, A. N. H., VII, 
147, 148 
Ig00, Meteoreisen-Studien, X, A. N. H., XV, 


93 
1886, A. J. S. (3), XXXI, 44 


1891, Meteoreisen-Studien, I, A. N. H., VI. 
142-143 
1900, Meteoreison-Studien, X, A. N. H., XV, 


1898, Meteoreisen-Studien, VII, A. N. H., 
XII 


I, 49 
1890, A. J. S. (3), XL, 162 


Igoo, Meteoreisen-Studien, XI, A. N. H., XV, 
355, 

1879, Mineralojia, Santiago 

1888, A. J. S. (3), XXXVI, 276 


1898, Meteoreisen-Studien, VIII, A. N. H,, 
OT Ta7 

..{1898, Videnskabsselskabets Skrifter (1), VII, 
II 

1898, Meteoreisen-Studien, VII, A. N. H., 
Ollie 47, 

1904, Sitzb. K. Preus. Akad. der Wiss. XXXII 


104, 


102 FIELD CoLUMBIAN MusEuM— GEOLOGY, VoL. III. 


2. CRISTOBAL GROUP. 
The nickel-cobalt content exceeds 20 per cent. 


CrIsToBshl’ 
i 


st 
Name... Fe: | Wi Cas pC eee S. c. | si. | cl | I | Miscellaneout® 


—_S$s | —_———Ss | ———_._ |» ————_ |_| |__| | ——_ SE | | TS 


Limestone Creek..} 65.18/27.71 


Cs OO CC | 


f ee 6655624. 71ls 4 ooo ual seeders AeOrn| te cess 1.48 Cr.& Mn. 3 
“ ~ 83) S72 GF sn elaescbee cel cee ate cetae eee gl|....|FeS2....25p 
: ¢ 65.03/29. PPA S| Cees |e SI Qd Sicce| « toss |eceresl| Se ee] See Ree i} 
5 .03|29.99 9 a 
San Cristobal ..... 77 2\25 GO|’ 1.0 |... 2) 0s AB eed. cae ee See : *) 
| 
3. OKTIBBEHA. |) 
The meteoric origin of Oktibbeha is doubtful, on account of its . 
OKTIBBERW 
Name. Fe! 2) bts (io, - Car Cx) 2: S. c. | si | a. cf Miscettancou 
ioe! (acaereeeae nea! mein meres eae ee bas ae {4 
Oktibbeha ........ 37.69|59.69| .40 | .90 TOs scans Stes eae Ee Beers fe pee Ali ssce% aa 
Catt aie A | 
Sree detec eaten 37.24|62.01] .72 28 el eo ice ner Eecor esorl (Secon ss 4 at 
x 
=| 
= 0 
C. ATAXITES WITH ACCESSORY FORSTERITE. ah 
The accessory occurrence of forsterite is characteristic. It forms | 
about five per cent of the mass, occurring in small spheroidal grains 
or elongated aggregates ot grains, and is accompanied by some plag- 
ioclase. In nickel-cobalt content the metallic portion of the meteorite | 
: ATAXITES WF 
Name. Fe. | Ni. | Co. | Cu.] Cr. | P. S. C=) stort cise Miscellanea q 
PUCSOR 75 Setcasiser 55.54 S35 5lc “26003 preset es baw etree area S-O2th. 2 eae as 
ie Be ciate 83.55| 9.20] .39] .O1] .17 ie Wn mreerte | ee ae SHOU so aur 
(Carleton Iron)...... 81.56] 9.17| .44] .08 AG We rote al hee oe gic | Eee ae 
of ve 6 s.['04+50128.80).-1 30] =.) 2021) 16 [> tes .04 | 1.72] .04 .|MgO.. 
Chrys. rea. 
(Ainsa Iron) .,...... 84.60] 9.24] .95| .02] .02] .17 Or |-.04.| 4..761.04 12. |. | Mees 


Chrys.res. . 
* KO, .10; Na2O, .17. 


MarRCH, 1907. IRON METEORITES — FARRINGTON. 103 


OUP. 

is.| Undet.| Total. Sp. Gr, Analyst. Reference. 

| a 92.89 5-75 Cts (ACKSONSS yows ~1 1030, Ae bee (Fy ol Vi, 335 

nee 99.99 | 5.15-6.40-6.50 “ Sass aes 5 e “ « 

100.00 6.82 PUP: TIAVES oerec eso 1845, A. J. S. (1), XLVIII, 153 

aaa 0.09 |.<-+-.<..:|ie. Knauer ..... ..-.|1905, Meteozitenkunde, III, 131 

| epee 100.50 7.8593 LE RI Bs AI as 1899, Ber. Berlin Akad., 607-608 
anomalous composition. It may however for the present be included 
among meteorites. 

OUP. 

s.|Undet.| Total. Sp. Gr. Analyst. Reference. 

lea 99.19 S.05e aa. J taylor 5 1,2 %08 O57) A; J. S)-(2),; XXIV, 204 

az Car A eae Se Px tahenot sick: 1892, Meteoreisen-Studien, II, A. N. H., VIL, 146 


lies between the nickel-rich and nickel-poor ataxites. On etching, 
irregularly shaped areas appear, 0.2-2 cm. in area, which under the 
: microscope have a spotted look and are generally bordered, as are 
most of the silicate grains, by narrow, zigzag bands the nature of 
which cannot be further determined. 


CESSORY FORSTERITE. 


#|Undet.| Total. Sp. Gr. Analyst. Reference. 
aie cis,0:0 100. 121'°6.'52-7..23 1). Smith, $3.6. 1855, A. J. S. (2), XIX, 161-162 
e----. TGac56i sos .ctoe se FA. Gently 6.22. 1855, A. J. S. (2), XX, 119-120 
| nae aC tabs oe. 1863, A. J.S. (2), XXXVI, 153 

101.09] 7.2248 |J.Fahrenhorst...... 1900, Cohen-Festschrift, Greifswald, 39 
: Ret: ee Cie 4c} Hee ee Laem SS ea sé eu 2 


104 


FIELD COLUMBIAN MusgeumM—GEOLOoGY, VoL. III. 


D. ATAXITES WITH CUBIC STREAKS. 


Upon etching appear bands or spots which seem to be oriented 
according to cubic faces, and which according to the position of the 
plates toward impinging light appear brighter or darker than the 
principal mass of the nickel-iron without a structural distinction being 
In one position the reflection of the whole face is plainly 
On weak etching appears, as a rule, a characteristic luster. 


discernible. 
uniform. 


Name. 


Cape of Good Hope} 78. 
85. 
$s 81. 
. 81. 


ee. ed ole emp ea) .s.0 


ry 


SU vie 0 0.9 a ou 


Ternera 


cs 82. 


.21|16.69 


.02}16.22 


17|16.22 


es ey 


ees 


04 


tr. 


Ss ce ee 


ATAXITES W 


Ss. | C. | Si | CL | Gj | Miscellaneg 
Rh ee da lee aa 
Mesa 
tiivhgoee ales tele were 95|Sn.. 
eee 
eect: S030) 20 2f ROI pl wc ahem 
[07 |) eee 
SO2*| OF a oaks] tree hei re a 
tr. ches «Hal was ot toeealie eee 
Be ge ports Pee Pedie acho 
Jor |" 07 4703 
05 4” 03. | fat seh, en's] os eee 
Bh i eee med arta Pao (a a) Ct PS 


| 


if 
W 


MARCH, 1907. IRON METEORITES — FARRINGTON. 105 


On strong etching the surface becomes dull with a peculiar velvet sheen. 
No cleavage has been observed. On the other hand, a certain orien- 
tation of similarly situated particles is indicated by the appearance in 
reflected light. The structure of the nickel-iron is compact; the con- 
tent in nickel plus cobalt 16-17 per cent. Except for the etch bands, 
the members of this group are similar in chemical composition and 
luster to the etched faces of members of the Morradal group. 


BIC STREAKS. 


s.|Undet.| Total. Sp. Gr. Analyst. Reference. 


LOOROO lef ba Ale | Vion lOUSeT. crs ters never 1830, Zeit f. Phys. u. Math., VIII, 279-284 
o8: 77) 7.66 Ad Wiebtilew.2 2 sss. 1835, Zeit. f. Phys. u. Math. (2), III, 222-229 


.89] 6.63-7.94 |E. Uricoechea...... 1854, Ann. Chem. u. Pharm., XCI, 252 
7.60 IMPS OCkinig Wan..\... 1855, Ann. Chem. u. Pharm., XCVI, 243-246 
Ff ays Baumhauer and Seelheim . ../1867, Arch. Neerland, II, 376-384 


7.8543 |J. Fahrenhorst ..... Igoo, Meteoreisen-Studien, X, A. N. H., XV, 
87 
7.925 |C.Rammelsberg..../1873, Fest. Ges. Natur. Freunde, Berlin, 37 


76334 jO.;SjOStrOm ess. %.'. 1808, tee Studien, VIII, A. N. H., 
XIII, 

i gt) een HRC Ut 275 CR 1874, A. ii S Lae VII, 392 

WeCGOOr 1\@))' SJOSEFOMN |. sme - 1898, Meteoreisen-Studien, VIII, A. N. H., 
XII, 118-158 

7.80 Cs UU. Shepard... 1872.5). 9..(3); LEL,. 438 

70083 1C.2,: Jacksons... 1872, A..J. S. (3), IV, 495 

MSteckeroote 1873, A.J. S. (3); V;'21 

TEOOAS n\ Ox. J OStROM ere cteketie- 1898, Meteoreisen- Studien, DX Aa Neo, 

XIII, 479-480 


E. Weinschenk..... 1892, A. J. gv Bs XLIII, Hee 
Bret eeyasitec oie Lindner............]1904, Ber. Berlin Akad., 151 


106 


FIELD COLUMBIAN MusktuM — GEOLOGY, VOL. 


iit. 


ANALYSES OF OCCLUDED GASES. 


The occluded gases of nine iron meteorites have been determined. 
These are here shown. 


Name. Vols. 
Charlotte? tn ..- 2.20 
Cranbourne .. 3.59 
ERATOR eyes 2.85 
Magura ....... 47.13 
Red River.:-.: 1.29 
ROwtones sme. « 6.38 
Shingle Springs] 0.97 
Sia UItOM «saps os 3..¥7; 
Tazewell ...... 3517, 


H. COz7 CO: N. | CHa Analyst. Reference. 
71.40|13.30|15.30|.....|.....|A. W. Wright. .|1876, A. J.S. (3), XI, 257 
45.79] 0.12|31.88/17.66] 4.55|W. Flight ..... 1882, Ph. Tr. Roy. Soc. Lon- 
don, 893 896 

S568| 2. oe 4.46| 9.86]..... Th. Graham ...|1866, Proc. Rov. Soc., Lon- 
don, XV, 502-503 

18.19}12.56|67.71| 1.54]..... A. W. Wright. .|1876, op. Cie 

76 .79| C259 EA. O2| asa va. we A. W. Wright. .|1876, of. cit. 

7737S T5172 BA -Oe 7Alea osc Wretlioht free 1882, of. cit. 

68.81/13.64|12.47| 5.08]..... A. W. Wright. .|1876, of. cit. 

35 83) 9.75/38.33|16.09]..... J. W. Mallet .. .|1871, Proc. Roy. Soc. London, 
XX, 365-370 

42.66|14.40|41.23] 1.71]..... A. W. Wright. .|1876, of. czt. | 


DISCUSSION OF ANALYSES. 


The most striking feature brought out by the analyses is the rela- 


tion shown between chemical composition and structure. 
to be definite and general. 


meteorites, 


All the meteorites of a hexahedral struc- 
ture have a nearly uniform composition, while among the octahedral 
fineness of structure increases with increase of nickel. 


This seems 


Nw ee, 


This conclusion can best be shown by obtaining the averages from the 
analyses of the different groups, omitting all obviously faulty analyses. 


The results thus obtained are as follows: 


Class. ties 
Hexahedritesos zoos ae 29 
Coarsest Octahedrites- - - - 12 
Coarse af age 22 
Medium ae wae 88 
Fine uh ie sch 41 
Finest “s wih 13 


Width of 
Lamellz 


in Millimeters. 


Per Cent 
Fe: 
94.12 
93-18 
92.28 
90.64 
go.18 
88.51 


It is worthy of note that these averages are not means between 


wide limits, but are derived from nearly uniform values. 


Practically 


MARCH, 1907. Iron METEORITES — FARRINGTON. 107 


all of the members of the classes conform in composition to the aver- 
age. Were all the groups equally well known, it is probable, too, that 
the gradation of percentage of Fe would be even more uniform than 
here shown. The medium octahedrites, for example, while numerous, 
have been as a whole imperfectly analyzed. Moreover, some of the 
meteorites classed as medium octahedrites, which are characterized 
by low percentage of iron, such as Algoma and Glorieta. Mountain, 
have width of lamelle such as to place them near if not in the fine 
octahedrites. 

The apparent conclusion from the above results is, that the con- 
tent of nickel influences the structure. It may also account for the 
change from a hexahedral to an octahedral structure, since the irons 
with a hexahedral structure have the lowest per cent of nickel. So 
constant and definite does this relation hold, that given a certain struc- 
ture the per cent of nickel can probably be stated more accurately 
by this principle than it has been determined in some analyses. The 
per cent of nickel in iron meteorites as a whole, as shown by the re- 
liable analyses, lies between five and twenty-six per cent. An excep- 
tion to the latter figure may be found in the quoted analyses of Lime- 
stone Creek, but of this unfortunately no complete analysis exists. 
The somewhat doubtful Oktibbeha is also an exception, its percentage 
of nickel reaching sixty per cent. Cobalt in the iron meteorites rarely 
exceeds one per cent. No constant relation in amount appears to 
exist between it and nickel, although perhaps as arule it is higher 
with higher nickel. Copper is doubtless, as claimed by Smith, a con- 
stant ingredient of iron meteorites. It is usually only a few hundredths 
of one per cent in amount, but may reach a few tenths. Chromium 
is Shown by the analyses to be a frequent though not constant ingre- 
dient in minute quantities. In many cases it is probably present as 
daubreelite, but also, as suggested by Cohen, it may occur as an ele- 
ment alloyed with nickel-iron. Reports of the presence of manganese 
and tin are so frequent as to leave little doubt that they occur in many 
iron meteorites, perhaps alloyed as metals. The presence of platinum 
and iridium has been proved by Davison in Coahuila and Franceville, 
and doubtless could be found to exist in more meteorites if proper 
search were made. Gold was reported in Boogaldi by Liversidge, but 
in so small a quantity as to make its determination as yet not quite 
positive. The presence of occluded gases has been determined in but 
few cases. ‘The constant presence of phosphorus in iron meteorites 
is a feature shown by the analyses. Apparently no iron meteorite is 
lacking in this element altogether, and in amount and constancy it con- 


108 FIELD CoLUMBIAN MusEuM—GEoLocy, Vot. III. 


siderably exceeds sulphur. It probably occurs combined with nickel- 
iron as phosphide. Sulphur, though evident byits presence in many 
meteorites as troilite, does not appear in large amounts in the analyses, 
and does not seem to be so important or constant an ingredient as 
phosphorus. Carbon is probably more frequent in occurrence than 


analyses usually show, since of twenty-eight iron meteorites investi- 


gated by Cohen for carbon all but oné showed appreciable percentages, 
ranging from .19 per cent to .o012 per cent.* The silicon reported in 
the analyses is doubtless in some cases to be referred to silicate grains, 
but in other cases may be.free or combined with the iron as a silicide. 
The analyses make plain the incompleteness of much of the work 
which has been done hitherto. There can be little doubt that com- 
plete analyses of iron meteorites should always show iron, nickel, 
cobalt, copper, and phosphorus, and in most cases sulphur, carbon, 
and silicon. When considerable differences occur in the analyses of 
the same meteorite, as, for instance, 2 per cent of nickel reported in 
Burlington by Rockwell and nearly 9 per cent by Shepard, the difference 
is probably not to be regarded as due to the meteorite, but to the 
analyses. Inasubstance made up of different alloys and accessory 
minerals as are the iron meteorites, especially the octahedrites, there 
can be no question that portions from different parts of the meteorite 
would of necessity show unlike composition. How wide these varia- 
tions might legitimately be it is difficult to say, but some causes of 
error may be suggested. One of these is imperfect sampling. The 
proper method to secure material for mass analyses of an iron meteor- 
ite, especially if of octahedral structure, is to use dust obtained by 
boring. A mixture of the constituents of the meteorite is thus obtained 
which insures a better representation of its composition than is possible 
when only a fragment broken from some part of the surface is used. 
Such a fragment may contain an excess of taenite, or be largely com- 
posed of some accessory mineral so as to be far from representing the 
true constitution of the meteorite. Yet the larger number of analyses 
of iron meteorites have probably been made with fragments of this char- 
acter, and the wonder is, not that they show so much variation, but that 
they do not show more. Meteorites also doubtless vary in their homo- 
geneity, as shown especially by Canyon Diablo, in one portion of which 
Moissan found 2.89 per cent of nickel, and in another, only one centi- 
meter distant, 5.06 per cent. In another piece of Canyon Diablo 
two analyses made by the same analyst of material obtained at dis- 
tances of one centimeter showed 1.17 per cent and 7.11 per cent of 


* Meteoritenkunde, Heft II., p. 243. 


. — 
* Pas ee 


Marcu, 1907. Iron METEORITES — FARRINGTON. 109 


nickel.* While few meteorites probably vary to this extent, such de- 
terminations show the need of as thorough sampling as possible if a 
mass analysis is to be made. Occasionally a marked variation in 
the analyses of a meteorite seems explicable only on the assumption 
that the material analyzed did not belong to that meteorite. Such, 
for instance, seems the most reasonable explanation for the percentage 
of nickel, 12.67 per cent, reported by Hayes for Limestone Creek, as 
compared with the percentages, 25-30 per cent, obtained by other 
analysts. Errors of this sort are obviously difficult to detect, and can 
only be surmised in extreme cases. Another and more serious cause 
of discrepancies in analyses is the imperfect separation by the analyst 
of nickel and cobalt from the iron. The methods for this separation 
are not altogether satisfactory, even at the present day, and in earlier 
years they were much less so. Consequently the results of the 
earlier analysts were for the most part too low in these ingredients. 
The determinations of specific gravity shown in the tables appear in 
some cases to have been equally open to sources of error with the 
analyses. It can easily be calculated that the specific gravity of an 
iron meteorite is likely to be between 7.6 and 7.9, since the specific 
gravity of pure iron, 7.85, will be increased by that of nickel, 8.8, 
according to the proportion of the latter. It will be decreased by 
accessory minerals, such as troilite, which has a specific gravity of 4.7, 
schreibersite, 6.5, graphite, 2.2, and oxidized ingredients. Any poros- 
ity of the meteorite will also lessen its specific gravity. It is obvious, 
therefore, that determinations of specific gravity made on small frag- 
ments can hardly represent that of the mass as a whole, since they 
may contain a disproportionate quantity of accessory ingredients or 
may be more oxidized than the main mass. It is hardly credible that 
porosity or accessory ingredients of a meteorite would in any case 
reduce its specific gravity below 7. Determinations below this figure, 
therefore, probably indicate that oxidized material was used. From 
the showing in the tables that large numbers of meteorites have prac- 
tically similar composition, it is evident that similarity of composition 
cannot be used, as has often been done hitherto, to prove identity of 
origin of meteorites found at different places. This method at one 
time obtained considerable vogue. Dissimilarity of composition, on 
the other hand, as a rule indicates separate falls. The only marked 
exception to this rule seems to be furnished by the two masses of 
Babb’s Mill, one of which shows about 11 per cent, the other about 
17 per cent, of nickel. The only alternative supposition possible here 


* C. R., 1893, Cxvi., 290. 


110 FIELD CoLuMBIAN MusEuM— GEo.ocy, VoL. III. 


is that two ataxites fell at different times at one locality. In view 
of the small number of ataxites known, this seems less likely than 
to suppose that two masses of the same fall differed in composition. 
No other case of such marked difference is known. Differences of 
structure seem as a rule to be a better criterion for distinguishing mete- 
orites than differences of composition. Onthe other hand, similarity 
of structure and composition together do not positively identify 
meteorites found at different places as belonging to one fall, since 
such similarities occur in meteorites seen to fall at widely different 
times and places. Of the nine iron meteorites seen to fall, four are 
medium octahedrites and have practically similar compositions. In 
correlating individual meteorites, therefore, all possible characters 
must be taken into consideration, including the circumstances of 
their find, the appearance of their exterior, the probable time elapsed 
since their fall, etc. 

No attempt has been made by the writer at summation of the 
analyses here given, in order to determine the average composition of 
iron meteorites. Such a summation, if worthy of being performed at 
all, will be deferred until analyses of the iron-stone and stone meteor- 
ites are also at hand for comparison. This work the writer hopes to 
accomplish in the near future. It is obvious, however, from an inspec- 
tion of the tables that the average percentage of iron in iron meteor- 
ites as a whole is not far from gt per cent, while that of nickel closely 
approximates 7.50 per cent. It is doubtful if the average percentage 
of the remaining minor constituents can be learned by summation of 
existing analyses. Not only have these constituents in many cases 
not been determined, but also any slight error in analyses or sampling 
would double or multiple their percentage. A percentage of .4 of 
cobalt, for instance, as compared with .2, is within the limits of error 
of many analyses, yet one percentage is double that of the other. The 
same is true in much greater degree of determinations of the amount 
of copper and other constituents. Until a larger number of complete 
and accurate determinations are at hand, therefore, summations of 
these constituents seem to have little value. One point in the compo- 
sition of iron meteorites which may or may not be of significance may 
be noted. Of the four constant metallic constituents, the most 
abundant, iron, has the lowest atomic weight, the next in quantity, 
nickel, is next higher, and so on for cobalt and copper. This grada- 
tion, using percentages common in iron meteorites, appears as follows: 


Iron. Nickel. Cobalt. Copper. 
Per cent in iron meteorites----go 9 0.9 0.02 
Atomicsweight "<2 ee oe a 55-5 58.3 58.6 63.1 


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